chp 41- Menopause Flashcards
Define menopause
permanent cessation of menses after significant decrease of ovarian estrogen production. Evidenced by 12 consecutive months with no menstrual bleeding
What does FSH do?
binds receptor in follicular membrane of oocyte and stimulates follicular maturation providing estradiol (e2)
What does LH do?
stimulates theca luteal cells surrounding oocyte to produce androgens, estrogen, and trigger ovulation.
With advancing reproductive age, remaining oocytes become increasingly resistant to ___
FSH
What happens to levels of FSH with advancing age?
begin to increase before menopause when levels are > 30 mIU/mL
What affects age of menopause?
genetics and lifestyle
What is premature ovarian failure?
menopause before the age of 40
What do postmenopausal ovaries do?
under stimulation of LH, theca cell islands in ovarian stroma produce hormones primarily androgens testosterone, androstenedione
____ is the major product of postmenopausal ovary
testosterone
___ is the predominant endogenous estrogen in postmenopausal women
estrone E1
What is androstenedione and its significance in postemenopausal women
androgen that is converted to E1, an extragonadal estrogen that is directly related to body weight.
Compare testosterone levels in post menopausal women vs oophorectomy
2x higher in postmenopausal women
How do levels of FSH change at life stages
Childhood- 30
What menstrual cycle alterations occur approaching menopause?
shortening/lengthening (alterations in follicular phase), decreasing frequency
____ is usually the first physical manifestation of decreasing ovarian function and is a symptoms of vasomotor instability
hot flush
