chp 3 coal and petroleum Flashcards
What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
in bullet points
Advantages of CNG and LPG include:
* Burn easily
* Provide a lot of heat energy when burnt
* Can be transported easily through pipelines
* Are clean fuels that do not release smoke when burnt
CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas, and LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
What petroleum product is used for surfacing of roads?
Bitumen
Bitumen is a viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil.
What is the process called that describes how coal is formed from dead vegetation?
Carbonization
Carbonization involves the transformation of organic material into coal under high temperature and pressure.
Why are fossil fuels considered exhaustible natural resources?
Fossil fuels are exhaustible because their formation takes millions of years, and they are limited in supply due to specific conditions required for their creation.
Rapid consumption of fossil fuels leads to their eventual exhaustion.
List characteristics of coke.
in bullet points
Characteristics of coke:
* Tough
* Porous
* Black in color
Coke is a solid carbonaceous material used primarily in steel manufacturing.
What is the primary process by which petroleum is formed?
Petroleum is formed from the remains of marine organisms that, over millions of years, were buried and transformed under high pressure and temperature.
This process involves the absence of air, which is crucial for the conversion.
What are natural resources?
Natural resources are naturally occurring useful raw materials obtained from the Earth.
These resources are modified for human use.
How are resources classified?
in bullet points
Resources can be classified into:
* Exhaustible (limited in nature, e.g., minerals, coal, petroleum)
* Inexhaustible (unlimited in nature, e.g., sunlight, water, air)
Exhaustible resources are also known as non-renewable, while inexhaustible resources are referred to as renewable.
What are the different types of fossil fuels?
in bullet points
Types of fossil fuels include:
* Solid (e.g., coal)
* Liquid (e.g., petrol)
* Gas (e.g., natural gas)
Each type has different extraction and usage methods.
Define coal.
Coal is an organic sedimentary combustible rock formed from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials in swamp environments.
The formation process involves geological and chemical changes over millions of years.
List the uses of coal.
in bullet points
Uses of coal include:
* Cooking food
* Fuel in steam engines
* Generating electricity in thermal power plants
Coal is a significant energy source worldwide.
What is destructive distillation of coal?
in bullet points
Destructive distillation is the industrial processing of coal by heating it in the absence of air, producing:
* Coal tar
* Coal gas
* Coke
This process allows the extraction of various useful products from coal.
What is coal tar and its uses?
in bullet points
Coal tar is a thick black liquid composed of over 200 substances, used to make:
* Synthetic dyes
* Drugs
* Explosives
* Perfumes
* Paints
* Photographic materials
It is a byproduct of the carbonization of coal.
What are the uses of coal gas?
in bullet points
Coal gas is used for:
* Lighting
* Heating
* Fuel
It is produced during the processing of coal in the absence of air.
How are the components of petroleum separated?
in bullet points
Components of petroleum are separated using fractional distillation, which involves:
* Heating a liquid mixture
* Using a fractionating column to separate based on boiling points
This process allows for the efficient extraction of various petroleum products.
What tips does the PCRA give for saving petrol/diesel while driving?
in bullet points
PCRA advises:
* Drive at a constant and moderate speed
* Switch off the engine at traffic lights
* Ensure correct tyre pressure
* Regular vehicle maintenance
These tips help improve fuel efficiency.
Why is petroleum referred to as black gold?
in bullet points
Petroleum is called black gold due to:
* Its commercial importance
* The variety of useful substances it yields (e.g., detergents, plastics, fertilizers)
The term reflects the economic value of petroleum resources.
Can coal, petroleum, and natural gas be prepared in the laboratory from dead organisms?
No, these fossil fuels cannot be created in the laboratory due to the slow natural processes required for their formation.
The specific conditions necessary for their formation cannot be replicated artificially.
