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Pharmacology chp 3 > chp 3 > Flashcards

chp 3 Flashcards

1
Q

5 sources of drugs

A
  • plants
  • minerals
  • animals
  • synthetic
  • Dna, Genetic engineered
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2
Q

Adsorption

A

Passage of a substance through a membrane into the blood stream

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3
Q

Distribution

A

Moving from the blood stream into the tissues and fluids of the body

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

Physical and chemical alterations that the substance undergoes in the body

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5
Q

Excretion

A

Eliminating waste products of drug metabolism from the body

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6
Q

Selective distribution

A

an affinity, or altracation, of a drug to a specific organ or cell

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7
Q

toxicity

A

condition that results from exposure to either a poison or a dangerous amount of a drug that is normally safe when given in smaller amounts

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8
Q

placebo

A

an inactive substance that resembles a med., although no drug is present

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9
Q

synergism

A

action of 2 drugs working together

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10
Q

potentiation

A

action of 2 drugs in which one prolongs or multiplies the effect of the other

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11
Q

antagonism

A

opposing action of 2 drugs in which one decreases or cancels out the effect of the other

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12
Q

Variables that affect action of drugs

A
  • age
  • weight
  • gender
  • psychological
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13
Q

Conditions that alter excretion

A

Renal damage or kidney failure may prevent passage of drug waste products, thereby causing an accumulation of the drug in the body

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14
Q

Conditions that alter metabolism

A

Hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, a damaged liver, may prevent adequate breakdown of the drug thus causing a buildup of unmetabolized drug

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15
Q

Conditions that alter distribution

A

Poor circulation may prevent the drug from reaching tissues

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16
Q

Conditions that alter absorption

A

Incorrect administration may destroy the drug before it reaches the blood stream or its site of action
ex. giving meds after meals instead of on an empty stomach

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17
Q

Adverse Drug Reactions

A

Unintended side effects of drugs

18
Q

Routes of Administration

A
  • external or GI tract: oral, nasogastric tube, gastric tube, rectal
  • parenternal (any other route than GI): intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal
  • selected based on speed, cost, or safety
19
Q

Lethal dose

A

dose that causes death

20
Q

Toxic dose

A

amount of drug that will produce harmful side effects or symptoms of poisoning

21
Q

Local effect

A

limited to the area of the body where it is administered

22
Q

Systemic effect

A

reaches wide spread areas of the body

23
Q

Prodrugs

A

inert drugs that exhibit their pharmacological activity only after biotransformation

24
Q

Placebo effect

A

relief from pain as a result of suggestion w/o active meds

25
Q

Keep vein open (KVO)

A

a slow route rate of IV fluid administration to maintain patency of the IV

26
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Allergic or excessive response of the immune system to a drug or chemical

27
Q

drug processes

A

4 biological changes that drugs undergo within the body

28
Q

Drug interactions

A

Response that may occur when more than one drug is taken

-can be desirable or undesirable

29
Q

Pharmocogenomics

A

examines how genes may explain a drug’s effectiveness and toxicity

30
Q

Dosage

A

amount of drugs given for a particular therapeutic or desired effect

31
Q

Therapeutic Range

A

range of drug levels in the blood that will give the desired effect w/o causing serious side effects

32
Q

Cumulative Effect

A

increased effect of drug demonstrated when repeated doses accumulate in the body

33
Q

Chemoinformatics

A

applies computer technology, statistics, math to stud molecules (prob most actively pursed source of drugs by major companies)

34
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

severe, possibly fatal, allergic response

35
Q

Dependence

A

acquired need for a drug that may produce psychological or physical symptoms of withdrawal when discontinued

36
Q

Tolerance

A

decreased response to drug that develops after repeated drugs are given

37
Q

paradoxical reaction

A

opposite effect from that which is expected

38
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

unique, unusual, and unexpected response to a drug

39
Q

teratogenic effect

A

maternal drug administration causes development of physical defect in the fetus

40
Q

maintenance dose

A

dose required to keep the level of a drug in the blood at a steady state to maintain the desired effect

41
Q

Loading dose

A

initial high does (often max) used to quickly elevate the level of a drug in the blood (often followed by a serious of lower)

Pharmacology chp 3 (1 decks)

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