Chp 3 Flashcards
Monomer
Building Block molecules
Monosaccharide
Monomer for Carbohydrates (means single sugar)
Carbohydrates
A Biological Macromolecule that stores energy, provides fuel, builds structure in the body, and the main source of energy, the structure of plant cell wall.
Proteins
linear polymers formed by linking the α-carboxyl group of one amino acid to the α-amino group of another amino acid with a peptide bond
Lipid
An insulator and stores fat and energy.
Fatty Acids and glycerol
Monomer for Lipids
Amino Acids
Small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins
Nucleotide
A building block of DNA
Peptide Bond
a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule
Diasaccheride
Two monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic linkage
Tetravalence
4 electrons in the valence shell
On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of_______in an individual’s DNA to be equal to the percentage of_________.
adenine;thymine
On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of_______in an individual’s DNA to be equal to the percentage of_________.
adenine; thymine
Which of the following functional groups is present in all amino acids?
-NH2
Which of the following functional groups increases the solubility of organic compounds in water?
-OH, -NH2, -OPO32-, -COOH
What are the properties of hydrocarbons
Hydrophobic, nonpolar, and a good source of stored energy
True or false Cellulose is a polymer
True
Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature by______.
adding hydrogen atoms to the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can’t the same enzyme break down cellulose?
The monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are bonded in a different orientation than in starch.
Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by_______.
ester linkages
In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?
Starch
What do Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and mad cow disease have in common?
All have been associated with the buildup of misfolded proteins.
The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the_________.
tertiary structure
The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure?
Secondary structure
A straight-chain carbon compound constructed from__________ must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
six hydrogen and three carbon
When a protein is denatured, why does it lose its functionality?
Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape.
