Chp 3

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

Building Block molecules

Question 2

Monosaccharide

Answer 2

Monomer for Carbohydrates (means single sugar)

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

A Biological Macromolecule that stores energy, provides fuel, builds structure in the body, and the main source of energy, the structure of plant cell wall.

Question 4

Proteins

Answer 4

linear polymers formed by linking the α-carboxyl group of one amino acid to the α-amino group of another amino acid with a peptide bond

Question 5

Lipid

Answer 5

An insulator and stores fat and energy.

Question 6

Fatty Acids and glycerol

Answer 6

Monomer for Lipids

Question 7

Amino Acids

Answer 7

Small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins

Question 8

Nucleotide

Answer 8

A building block of DNA

Question 9

Peptide Bond

Answer 9

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule

Question 10

Diasaccheride

Answer 10

Two monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic linkage

Question 11

Tetravalence

Answer 11

4 electrons in the valence shell

Question 12

On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of_______in an individual’s DNA to be equal to the percentage of_________.

Answer 12

adenine;thymine

Question 13

On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of_______in an individual’s DNA to be equal to the percentage of_________.

Answer 13

adenine; thymine

Question 14

Which of the following functional groups is present in all amino acids?

Answer 14

-NH2

Question 15

Which of the following functional groups increases the solubility of organic compounds in water?

Answer 15

-OH, -NH2, -OPO32-, -COOH

Question 16

What are the properties of hydrocarbons

Answer 16

Hydrophobic, nonpolar, and a good source of stored energy

Question 17

True or false Cellulose is a polymer

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature by______.

Answer 18

adding hydrogen atoms to the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains

Question 19

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can’t the same enzyme break down cellulose?

Answer 19

The monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are bonded in a different orientation than in starch.

Question 20

Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by_______.

Answer 20

ester linkages

Question 21

In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?

Answer 21

Starch

Question 22

What do Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and mad cow disease have in common?

Answer 22

All have been associated with the buildup of misfolded proteins.

Question 23

The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the_________.

Answer 23

tertiary structure

Question 24

The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure?

Answer 24

Secondary structure

Question 25

A straight-chain carbon compound constructed from__________ must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Answer 25

six hydrogen and three carbon

Question 26

When a protein is denatured, why does it lose its functionality?

Answer 26

Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape.