Chp 2. Water

Question 1

How much water in an adult man body?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

Why women have less water as compared to men in their body?

Answer 2

45-55% water because more fat
Fat is drier as compared to muscle
Fat 20% water
Muscle 75% water

Question 3

Water in babies?

Answer 3

Babies contain more water than adults and elderly have even less
55% ICF
45% ECF (7.5% in bloodstream)

Question 4

What are the functions of water?

Answer 4

1. Building material of cells
2. Lubricant
3. Regulator of body temperature
4. Medium for materials to dissolve/disperse
5. Medium for chemical reactions in cells (esp. Hydrolytic)
6. Transport medium for nutrients and wastes

Question 5

From where did the body get water?

Answer 5

1. Daily diet (750 to 1000ml) 25-35%
2. Water produced in metabolic reactions 10-15%
3. Water taken as fluids/beverages 50%

Question 6

How much water is produced when 1 g of carbohydrate is oxidized?

Answer 6

0.6 g

Question 7

How much water is produced when 1 g of fat is oxidized?

Answer 7

1.07 g

Question 8

How much water is produced when 1 g of protein is oxidized?

Answer 8

0.41 g

Question 9

How much water produced by liberation of 1 kcal heat energy?

Answer 9

100 to 140 ml

Question 10

How water is lost from the body?

Answer 10

1. Lungs (respiration)
2. Skin (insensible perspiration and sweat)
3. Digestive tract (faeces)
4. Kidneys (urine)

Question 11

How much water is lost through respiration?

Answer 11

400 ml

Question 12

How much water is lost through skin in all conditions?

Answer 12

400 ml

Question 13

Insensible loss of water is influenced by?

Answer 13

Temperature and Humidity

Question 14

How much water is lost through faeces?

Answer 14

100 to 200 ml

Question 15

How much water is lost through urine?

Answer 15

1000 to 2000 ml

Question 16

How much water does the kidneys filter per day?

Answer 16

180 L

Question 17

What happens when water losses in body are greater than gains?

Answer 17

Body fluids concentrate> decrease in plasma volume and increase in osmotic pressure > thirst response is triggered in brain > withdrawal of water from cells in mouth and throat > causing dryness and stimulate thirst
High osmotic pressure of blood > retention of water by kidneys ADH and Aldosterone

Question 18

How water intoxication occurs?

Answer 18

It occurs when water content of body increase without proportional increase in the electrolytes > nausea, headache, in coordination of movements and muscular cramps

Question 19

Water intake depends on?

Answer 19

Diet
Age
Climate
Activity etc.

Question 20

How diet influence water intake?

Answer 20

More food intake» more water intake
1ml for each Calorie expended or consumed
More water when diet is rich in protein and salt

Question 21

Water requirements increases with__________

Answer 21

Age

Question 22

How climate or weather conditions affect water intake?

Answer 22

More water in hot weather
Temperate climate min 900 ml max 2000ml required by sedentary man
Much more need in tropical region due to increase in temp, humidity and activity