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Praxis II- Social Studies > Chp. 2- Settling North America and the Colonies > Flashcards

Chp. 2- Settling North America and the Colonies Flashcards

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1
Q

merchantilism

A

the economic theory that claims trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government can promote through its policies

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2
Q

Northwest Passage

A

a theoretical route to Asia that avoided Spanish territory

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3
Q

John Cabot

A

1497, tried to find a Northwest Passage, discovered New Foundland (England)

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4
Q

Giovanni da Verrazzano

A

1528, made three trips and documented most of the American coastlines and islands (France)

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5
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

1541, was sent to establish a base from which to locate the City of Gold

brought back pyrite and quartz (France)

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6
Q

Sir Francis Drake

A

raided Spanish ports, then sailed around the world before bringing back twice the Queen’s annual income in gold (England)

1588, lead the English fleet to victory against the Spanish Armada (ships outnumbered 2:1)

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7
Q

Sir Walter Raleigh

A

1585, financed a group of settlers off the coast of North Carolina called Roanoke that vanished mysteriously (England)

1594, pursued El Dorado and wrote a fictional account of the city

raided a Spanish outpost and was beheaded for piracy

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8
Q

Jamestown

A

1607, the first permanent English settlement

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9
Q

Virginia Company

A

funded the colony of Jamestown to search for gold

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10
Q

joint stock company

A

a pooled public/private venture investing in New World colonies

government granted the company’s charter- enforced boundaries and a time limit, received shares

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11
Q

Pocahontas

A

the daughter of the tribal chief Powhatan, she brought food to the colonists and sometimes intervened on their behalf

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12
Q

John Rolfe

A

brought the much coveted sweet Spanish tobacco seeds to Virginia

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13
Q

headright

A

for every worker sponsored, an investor would receive 50 acres of land

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14
Q

indentured servants

A

received passage, room/board, and land in return for x years work

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15
Q

House of Burgesses

A

1619, first elective, representative government

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16
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

1763, ended the Seven Years War

France relinquishes all of Canada and Eastern Louisiana, retained control of the Caribbean

Spain gained the Western half of Louisiana and traded Florida for Cuba

Mississippi River territory remained neutral

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17
Q

Henry Hudson

A

1609, tried to find a Northwest Passage (Dutch West India Company)

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18
Q

Peter Minuit

A

1626, purchased Manhattan from the Lenape for $24 of glass beads

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19
Q

patroons

A

transported upwards of 50 families and were granted large tracts of land (Netherlands)

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20
Q

Mayflower

A

1620, carried Pilgrims, hired men, homeless people, illegitimate children, indentured servants, and other intended for land North of Jamestown

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21
Q

Pilgrims

A

part of a separatist organization fleeing religious persecution in England

granted permission from the London Company to settle North of Jamestown

landed in Cape Cod, outside of English domain

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22
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

a founding document acknowledging the authority of the king and God while establishing a local body given power by the “consent of the governed”

create laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices

23
Q

William Bradford

A

first elected leader of Plymouth whose diary provides credible insights into the colony

24
Q

Wampanoag

A

a coastal Native American tribe that occupied the Northeast before they were decimated by smallpox

25
Q

Squanto

A

a Wampanoag who was kidnapped/enslaved, purchased by a priest who taught him Spanish, English, and Christianity.

served as a translator on board explorers’ ships

commanded by the chief of Massasoit to establish a mutual defense alliance with the British

taught Pilgrims how to farm

26
Q

Puritans

A

a Christian religious sect committed to purifying the church of the influences of Roman Catholicism

27
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

(1628-1691) chartered to provide an American settlement for Puritans

population swelled to 20,000 within a decade

28
Q

Governor John Winthrop

A

had a pseudo-theocratic role as Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

promoted the idea that hard work was a religious and civic duty

29
Q

Roger Williams

A

1636, established the settlement of Providence (bought from the Narragansetts tribe) after he was banned for teaching “diverse, new, and dangerous” opinions

believed people should not be lagally punished for religious infractions

said that the land of New England elonged to Native Americans

30
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

convicted of stepping out of her prescribed gender role after hosting post-church discussions with local women in which they discussed sermons and criticized preachers

1638, founded Portsmouth

31
Q

Nathaniel Bacon

A

organized a militiant attack on the Native Americans living on desired land to the West

Governor of Virginia ordered them to stop

1676, became a rebellion against colonial leadership, buring Jamestown

fell apart after Bacon died of dysentery

legacy- appeased the lower class by granting suffrage to all free white men

turned planters away from indentured servitude towards slavery

32
Q

Cecil Calvert (Lord Baltimore)

A

1632, founded Maryland as a colony for Catholics driven out of England by the Cvil War

Maryland has a Protestant majority

33
Q

Act of Religious Toleration

A

1649, granted political rights in Maryland to anyone practicing a form of Chirstianity

overturned after King was beheaded and Puritans took over

34
Q

proprietors

A

the ruler of a propreitary colony

35
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

1733, was granted a Royal charter to found the colony of Georgie

an alternative to debtor’s prison

intended to be a utopia of hard work and social equality (no slavery or large land holdings)

buffered Spanish Florida and English Carolina

36
Q

Duke of York

A

1664, the brother of King Charles II, he was granted New Amsterdam and drove the Dutch out

brought wealthy English merchants to New York where they wanted to continue their lavish lifestyles

37
Q

William Penn

A

1681, a Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania, a repayment of debt from the King

also purchased the land from the Lenape and Sweden to make peace

guaranteed full religious freedom and a represetative government

well organized, temperate climate, and fertile soil

38
Q

Metacomet (King Philip)

A

a Wampanoag chief

39
Q

King Philip’s War

A

1675, a coalition of New England tribes destroyed 12 English towns and killed 10% of the Massachusetts militia before they were defeated

last significant Native American resistance to colonization

40
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

1692, several teenage girls blamed their troublesome behavior on the influence of witchcraft inciting mass hysteria

150 people accused, 20 convicted/executed, 5 died in prison

41
Q

John Peter Zenger

A

a publisher sued for printing unflattering stories about the Royal Governor

“not guilty” verdict gave rise to the American free press

42
Q

Triangular Trade

A

a commercial system in which manufactured British goods were traded for Aftrican slaves who were taken to America to harvest raw materials for English manufacturing

43
Q

Middle Passage

A

the journey from Africa to America

44
Q

Phillis Wheatley

A

a slave who became the first published Black writer

kidnapped from Gambia

her Boston masters taught her to read and write poetry, which was Classical and religious in nature

1767, published at the age of 16

45
Q

task system

A

slaves in South Carolina and Georgia would be assigned an acre of land to complete each day, division of labor

evolved on rice plantations to increase efficiency and decrease communication

46
Q

Slave Codes

A

a set of laws restricting the rights of slaves, a response to the fear of rebellion

slaves could not handle money, be educated, be compensated, leave their owner’s property, drink alcohol, own weapons/livestock, grow certain crops, or wear nice clothing

whites who failed to comply could be fined, exiled, or beaten

free Black people- could not work in stores, own horses/hogs, own slaves, have white servants, or marry white people

Emancipation:
Virginia- owner had to pay for their passage out of the state

South Carolina- legistlature had to approve it

47
Q

Navigation Acts

A

1651, restricted Colonial trade in favor of English merchantilist policies

colonial trade could only go through Brisith/American ships

colonies could only manufacture certain types/quantities of goods

“enumerated item” could only be sld in England > mostly cash crops and their value was deflated (hurt the South)

forced Americans to consume English goods, those that were imported were subject to a tax

48
Q

Molasses Act

A

1733, increased the tax on molasses imported from the French West Indies

used to make rum in New England

opened up the smuggling industry in North America

those who were caught could bribe customs officials and were rarely indicted by juries regardless

49
Q

Currency Act

A

1764, regulated colonial paper money

destabilized several regional economies

50
Q

salutary neglect

A

a policy in which Imperial trade regulations were not enforces and colonial affairs were managed internally, which contributed to the increasing autonomy of the colonies

51
Q

Dominion of New England

A

1686-1689, King James II combined Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and New Hapmshire to consolidate power and stave off foreign threats

ruled by a President with an appointed council

Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Maine joined later with varying degrees of consent

collapsed after the Glorious Revolution

52
Q

Edmund Andres

A

the second President of New England, he was a British native who imposed wildly unpopular regulations on the colony

demanded Puritan churches hold services for the Anglican Church

unified the tax system, hiking taxes for some regions

restricted town meetings

attempted to certify all land titles to charge rent

53
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

1688, influential members of Parliament overthrew the Catholic King James II in favor of his Protestant daughter, Queen Mary, and her Husband William of Orange

signed a Bill of Rights diluting their power and emboldening Parliament

54
Q

United Kingdom of Great Britain

A

1707, England and Scotland became on nation, adopting the same Parliament and Monarch

Praxis II- Social Studies (3 decks)

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