Chp. 2 Homework Flashcards
Which of the following is not considered a form of matter?
bone
blood
oxygen gas
X-rays
x-rays
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.
Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle.
Mechanical energy
When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work.
chemical
Energy that travels in waves. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Radiant energy
Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane.
Electrical energy
What four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight?
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.
14 neutrons
In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount.
True or False
False
Which of the following statements is true concerning the characteristics of either compounds or mixtures?
Compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different kinds of atoms.
Which of the following is an example of a suspension?
blood
salt water
rubbing alcohol
cytosol
Blood
What type of bond is formed between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen atom of another water molecule?
hydrogen bond
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?
7
What holds the sodium and chloride ions together in a chemical bond?
an electrical attraction between opposite charges
Which of the following statements about the polarity of covalent bonds is correct?
Small atoms with 6 or 7 valence shell electrons tend to be electronegative.
Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?
MgO2 → Mg + O2
Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.
anabolism
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
-Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions, sometimes while undergoing reversible changes in shape.
-Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers.
-Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.
-Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.
Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.
What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3?
alkaline solution
The pH scale __________.
is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?
high heat of vaporization
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
removal of a water molecule between each two units
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Dehydration synthesis reactions break down water in order to synthesize a polymer.
Starch is a ________.
polysaccharide
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of ________
glycogen
Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.
True
False
True
A patient voices concern that her normal cholesterol level is dangerous. “I eat no cholesterol at all. That stuff is toxic!” she declares. What is your best response?
“A normal cholesterol level is a good thing. Your cells depend on cholesterol to stay healthy, and you can’t make vital hormones without it.”
In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils at room temperature have ________.
unsaturated fatty acids
Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body?
proteins
What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?
primary structure
Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that breaks down carbohydrates. What will happen to this enzyme as it follows the food into the stomach where the pH drops to 2.5?
The enzyme will denature and become inactive.
If the molecules indicated by (A) are amino acids, then the line in the figure indicated by (D) is __________.
a peptide bond
The major function of DNA is to provide the genetic instructions for protein synthesis.
True
False
True
The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.
sequence of the nucleotides
What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?
ATP
How many phosphates would ADP have attached to it?
2
