Chp. 2 Homework

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a form of matter?
bone
blood
oxygen gas
X-rays

Answer 1

x-rays

Question 2

What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Answer 2

Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.

Question 3

Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle.

Answer 3

Mechanical energy

Question 4

When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work.

Answer 4

chemical

Question 5

Energy that travels in waves. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer 5

Radiant energy

Question 6

Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane.

Answer 6

Electrical energy

Question 7

What four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight?

Answer 7

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Question 8

An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.

Answer 8

14 neutrons

Question 9

In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount.
True or False

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true concerning the characteristics of either compounds or mixtures?

Answer 10

Compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different kinds of atoms.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?
blood
salt water
rubbing alcohol
cytosol

Answer 11

Blood

Question 12

What type of bond is formed between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen atom of another water molecule?

Answer 12

hydrogen bond

Question 13

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?

Answer 13

7

Question 14

What holds the sodium and chloride ions together in a chemical bond?

Answer 14

an electrical attraction between opposite charges

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the polarity of covalent bonds is correct?

Answer 15

Small atoms with 6 or 7 valence shell electrons tend to be electronegative.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

Answer 16

MgO2 → Mg + O2

Question 17

Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.

Answer 17

anabolism

Question 18

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
-Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions, sometimes while undergoing reversible changes in shape.
-Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers.
-Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.
-Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.

Answer 18

Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.

Question 19

What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3?

Answer 19

alkaline solution

Question 20

The pH scale __________.

Answer 20

is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 21

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

Answer 21

high heat of vaporization

Question 22

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

Answer 22

removal of a water molecule between each two units

Question 23

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Answer 23

Dehydration synthesis reactions break down water in order to synthesize a polymer.

Question 24

Starch is a ________.

Answer 24

polysaccharide

Question 25

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of ________

Answer 25

glycogen

Question 26

Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide. True False

Answer 26

True

Question 27

A patient voices concern that her normal cholesterol level is dangerous. "I eat no cholesterol at all. That stuff is toxic!" she declares. What is your best response?

Answer 27

"A normal cholesterol level is a good thing. Your cells depend on cholesterol to stay healthy, and you can't make vital hormones without it."

Question 28

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils at room temperature have ________.

Answer 28

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 29

Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body?

Answer 29

proteins

Question 30

What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Answer 30

primary structure

Question 31

Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that breaks down carbohydrates. What will happen to this enzyme as it follows the food into the stomach where the pH drops to 2.5?

Answer 31

The enzyme will denature and become inactive.

Question 32

If the molecules indicated by (A) are amino acids, then the line in the figure indicated by (D) is __________.

Answer 32

a peptide bond

Question 33

The major function of DNA is to provide the genetic instructions for protein synthesis. True False

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.

Answer 34

sequence of the nucleotides

Question 35

What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?

Answer 35

ATP

Question 36

How many phosphates would ADP have attached to it?

Answer 36

2