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Anatomy Chp 17 > chp 17 > Flashcards

chp 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Mucosa

A

Epithelial membrane that produces mucous; mucous membranes

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2
Q

Mastication

A

Act of chewing

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3
Q

Absorption

A

The process of taking up or assimilating a substance

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4
Q

Lacteal

A

Lymphatic capillary that drains digested fats from the villi of the small intestine

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5
Q

Enamel

A

Material that covers the crown of a tooth; hardest substance in the body

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6
Q

Villi

A

Small finger-like projections from the surface or a membrane; projections in the lining of the small intestine through which digested food is absorbed

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7
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike movements in the wall of an organ or duct that propel its contents forward

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8
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and forms the outer layer of the abdominal organs; forms in supporting ligaments for some organs

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9
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking down food into absorbable particles

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10
Q

Deglutition

A

The act of swallowing

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11
Q

Defecation

A

Act of eliminating undigested waste from the digestive tract

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12
Q

Bolus

A

A concentrated mass; the portion of food that is moved to the back of the mouth and is swallowed

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13
Q

Chyme

A

Mixture of partially digested food, water, and digestive juices that forms in the stomach

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14
Q

Dentin

A

The main substance of a tooth

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15
Q

Emulsify

A

To break fats up into small particles

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16
Q

Lacteal

A

Lymphatic capillary that drains digested fats from the villi of the small intestine

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17
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in the lining of an organ, such as the stomach or urinary bladder

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18
Q

Sphincter

A

Muscular ring that regulates the size of an opening

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19
Q

Functions of the Large Intestine

A
  • Reabsorbs some water
  • Stores, forms, and eliminates the stool
  • Houses bacteria that provide some vitamins
20
Q

Functions of the Liver

A
  • The manufacture of bile
  • The control of blood glucose levels under the influence of hormones
  • The modification of fats
  • The storage of iron and some vitamins
  • Form blood plasma proteins (Albumin, globulins,clotting factors)
  • Destruction of old red blood cells and recycling or elimination of their breakdown products
  • Synthesis of urea
  • Detox of harmful substances
21
Q

Salivary Glands

A
  • Parotid Glands
  • Submandibular Glands
  • Sublingual glands
22
Q

Parotid Glands

A
  • Largest of the group

- Located inferior and anterior to the ear

23
Q

Submandibular Glands

A
  • Located near the body of the lower jaw

- Also called submaxillary

24
Q

Sublingual Glands

A

-Under the tongue

25
Q

Pancreas

A

Structure and Location: A long gland that extends from the duodenum to the spleen
Function: Produces enzymes that digest fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids; protects the digestive tract’s lining; Also function as an endocrine gland, producing insulin and glucagon that regulate glucose metabolism

26
Q

Gallbladder

A

Structure and Location: A muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver
Function: Stores Bile

27
Q

Liver

A

Structure and Location: Largest accessory organ; located in the superior right portion of the abdominal cavity under the dome of the diaphragm

28
Q

Small Intestine

A

Structure and Location: Longest part of digestive tract in the stomach

29
Q

First 25cm or so of the small intestine make up

A

The duodenum

30
Q

Jejunum

A

-After the 25cm, forms the next two-fifths of the small intestine

31
Q

ileum

A

The remaining portion of the small intestine

32
Q

Functions of the small intestine

A
  • Secretion
  • Motility
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
33
Q

The stomach

A

Structure and Location: An expanded J shaped organ in the superior left region of the abdominal cavity
Functions: Serves as a storage pouch, digestive organ, and churn

34
Q

Accessory Structures of the Digestive System

A
  • Teeth
  • Salivary Glands
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
35
Q

Summary of Digestion

A
  1. Mouth-chews food and mixes it with saliva; forms it into bolus for swallowing
  2. Esophagus- Moves food by peristalsis into the stomach
  3. Stomach- Stores food, churns food, and mixes it into digestive juices
  4. Small intestine- Mixes food with secretions from the pancreas and liver, digests food, absorbs nutrients and water into the blood or lymph
  5. Large intestine- Reabsorbs some water; forms, stores, and eliminates stool
36
Q

Structures of the Digestive Tract

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small and Large Intestine
37
Q

End products of protein, fat, and carb digestion

A

Carb- Split into disaccharide
Fat- split into glycerol and fatty acids
Protein- Split into peptides and amino acids

38
Q

Secretion

A

Glands in the duodenal mucosa and submucosa secrete large amounts of mucus to protect the small intestine from the strongly acidic chyme entering the stoamch

39
Q

How the nervous system affects the digestive system

A

p358

40
Q

Functions of Normal Flora in the Colon

A

-Bacteria that normally live in the colon act on it to produce vitamin K and some B-Complex Vitamins

41
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

breakdown of food in the mouth, stomach, and intestines through the use of acids and enzymes

42
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Physically breaking the food into smaller pieces

43
Q

Pulp Cavity

A

The space within a tooth that contains pulp

44
Q

Pytalin

A

A form of amylase found in the saliva of humans and some other animals

45
Q

Cellulose

A

Insoluble substance in plant walls

Anatomy Chp 17 (1 decks)

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