Chp 16 Psychological Disorders

Question 0

: a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Answer 0

Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Question 1

​: deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.

Answer 1

Psychological Disorder

Question 2

: the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.

Answer 2

Medical Model

Question 3

: the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated “text revision” (DSM-IV-TR).

Answer 3

DSM-IV

Question 4

When labels can stimulate a person by biasing others’ interpretations and perceptions of past and present behaviors and by affecting the way people react to the labeled person.

Answer 4

Labeling Effects

Question 5

: psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Answer 5

Anxiety Disorder

Question 6

: an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Answer 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Question 7

: an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Answer 7

Panic Disorder

Question 8

: an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or stimulation.

Answer 8

Phobic disorder

Question 9

: an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Answer 9

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Question 10

: an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Answer 10

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 11

: disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 11

Dissociative Disorders

Question 12

is a psychological theory that explains behavior as both a result of biological and genetic factors (“nature”), and life experiences (“nurture”). This theory is often used to describe the pronunciation of mental disorders, like schizophrenia, that are produced by the interaction of a vulnerable hereditary predisposition, with precipitating events in the environment. This theory was originally introduced as a means to explain some of the causes of schizophrenia (Zubin & Spring, 1977).

Answer 12

Diathesis Stress Models

Question 13

A fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes

Answer 13

Agoraphobia

Question 14

Fear of a specific object or situation

Answer 14

Specific phobia

Question 15

An intense fear of being scrutinized by others they may avoid speaking up, eating out, or going to parties, or they will sweat, tremble, or have diarrhea why doing so.

Answer 15

Social phobia

Question 16

Deviant, dysfunctional, distressful, dangerous

Answer 16

4 D’s

Question 17

: a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.

Answer 17

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Question 18

: psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

Answer 18

Mood Disorders

Question 19

: a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

Answer 19

Major Depressive Disorder

Question 20

​: a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Answer 20

Mania

Question 21

: a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depression disorder.)

Answer 21

Bipolar Disorder

Question 22

: a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.

Answer 22

Schizophrenia

Question 23

​: false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Answer 23

Delusions

Question 24

: psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Answer 24

Personality Disorders

Question 25

: a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Answer 25

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 26

Functioning version of depression

Answer 26

Dysthymic disorder

Question 27

Sensory experiences with sensory simulation

Answer 27

Hallucinations

Question 28

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity.

Answer 28

Paranoid

Question 29

Bad speech or behavior or flat emotion

Answer 29

Disorganized

Question 30

Immobility, extreme negativity and repeating of others speech.

Answer 30

Catatonic