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biology > chp 16 > Flashcards

chp 16 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

are secreted by______glands into the bloodstream, that regulate the metabolic function of the body.

A

endocrine

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2
Q

when a hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell

A

the second messenger appears in the cytplasm

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3
Q

the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

A

a G protien

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4
Q

adrenal cortex make, three hormones

A

aldosterone, cortisol, androgen

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5
Q

steroid hormones can cause

A

cancer

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6
Q

____ produce the sex steroid hormones

A

Gonads

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7
Q

Gonads produce the hormones

a.__ b.__ c.___

A

estrogen, progesterone, androgen

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8
Q

________are lipophilic (can go inside the cell membrane).

A

steroid hormones

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9
Q

hormone function can affect

A

body weight

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10
Q

functions as an enzyme activator, inhibitor or cofactor, overall change in rate of metabolic reactions

A

secondary messenger.

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11
Q

most important second messenger are

A

cyclic-from atp calcium ions-from ER to bloodstream

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12
Q

______t4,t3, and steroid hormones can make gene activation or mutation

A

thyroid hormones

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13
Q

the ______control sympathetic output to adrenal glands

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

produces adh and oxytocin. adh and oxytocin will be released from posterior pituitary gland when your body needs.

A

hypothalamus

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15
Q

stimulates Thyroid gland

A

TSH

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16
Q

stimulate adrenal gland

A

ACTH

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17
Q

in females to produce follicle , and eggs development

A

.FSH

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18
Q

a hormone may shut off secretion of a pituitary hormone through the negative feedback by

A

inhibiting the release of a hypothamic releasing factor.

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19
Q

the parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

A

increase the level of calcium ions in the blood.

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20
Q

which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

A

low blood glucose.

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21
Q

Prolactin(PRL) or mammotropin

anterior pituitary

A

milk producing pregnancy and nursing period: in males indirect regulation of androgen.

22
Q 
Growth Hormone (GH)
anterior pituitary
A

cell growth and replication

23
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone or melanotropin (MSH)

A

increasing the production of melanin

24
Q 
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
posterior pituitary
A

decreases the amount of water lost at the kidneys. ADH is inhibited by alcohol.

25
Q

Oxytocin (OT)

A

stimulates the smooth muscle tissue in the wall of the uterus to promote delivery.

26
Q

a hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

A

Aldosterone

27
Q

synthesize thyroid hormones t4 n t3

A

follicle cells in the Thyroid follicles.

28
Q

produce hormones called calcitonin (CT).

A

C cells

29
Q

releases help to drop down calcium concentration

A

CT

30
Q

fuctions of Thyroid hormones T4 T3

A

activates genes, increases the rates of ATP production.

31
Q

Parathyroid hormones (PTH)

A

increase calcium concentration in body fluids.

32
Q

Thymus hormones(many)

A

develop and maturation of lymphocytes for regulation of immune response.

33
Q

adrenal glands in the cortex are ___-____-__ ___-____

A

capsule, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis.

34
Q

capsule

A

protection

35
Q

zona glomerulosa

A

produces mineralocorticoids (MC)

36
Q

zona fasciculata

A

produces glucorticoids

37
Q

zona reticularis

A

produces androgens

38
Q

increases reabsorbtion of Sodium (Na). accelerate urinary Potasium (ka) loss at kidneys.

A

Aldosterone

39
Q

accelerate the rate of glucose synthesis and formation. anit inflimation

A

Glucocorticoids

40
Q

stimulates the production of red blood cells, when body is low on oxygen

A

Erythropoietin

41
Q

inhibits renin release

A

ANP

42
Q

produce digestive enzymes

A

exocrine gland

43
Q

produce glucagon

A

endocrine gland(alpha cell)

44
Q

produces insulin

A

endocrine gland(beta cell)

45
Q

when _____ concentration fall below the normal, alpha cells release glucagon and energy reserves are mobilized. increase in blood sugar level.

A

glucagon

46
Q

when glucose levels rise above normal(70-110) _____is released by beta cells.

A

insulin

47
Q

iodine deficiency can result inn

A

Goiter

48
Q

lowest during daylight hours and highest at nigh. helps sleep

A

Melatonin

49
Q

HyPOsecretion of glucocorticoids

A

Addisons disease

50
Q

HyPERsecretion of glucocoticoids

A

Cushing Syndrome

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