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Fundamentals Chp 15 > Chp 15 Terms And Objective > Flashcards

Chp 15 Terms And Objective Flashcards

1
Q

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

A

Activities such as bathing, washing, and styling hair, brushing and flossing teeth, dressing and shaving

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2
Q

Assisted Care

A

A situation in which patients need some assistance with ADLs

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3
Q

Bath Blanket

A

A large lightweight flannel blanket used during a bath to prevent exposure

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4
Q

Draw sheet

A

A type of sheet that is narrower than a flat sheet and has 2 narrow hems on each end. It is used to protect the bottom sheet from minor soiling and to help lift and turn heavier patients

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5
Q

Excoriation

A

Scrapes on the skin that may be due to scratching or that may occur during care

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6
Q

Hygiene

A

The practice of keeping oneself clean and well groomed

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7
Q

Lesion

A

A localized, open area of diseased skin

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8
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patches on the tongue or oral mucosa that can be precancerous lesions

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9
Q

Lice

A

Tiny parasites that live on the skin and scalp

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10
Q

Maceration

A

Softened skin due to continuous exposure to moisture

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11
Q

Mitered Corner

A

A slanted corner that is between created to anchor the linens more firmly than if the linens where only tucked at the foot of the mattress

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12
Q

Mottling

A

A purplish blotching if the skin that indicates that circulation has slowed greatly

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13
Q

Nits

A

The eggs of lice

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14
Q

Ocular prosthesis

A

Artificial eye

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15
Q

Seborrhea

A

An overproduction of sebum

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16
Q

Self-Care

A

A situation in which patients are able to perform activities of daily living without assistance

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17
Q

Special Mouth Care

A

Oral care for patients whose conditions result in the need for more frequent care and who require assistance for this care

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18
Q

Tinea capitus

A

A fungal infection that can affect any part of the body and can be spread from one person to another

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19
Q

Total care

A

A situation in which patients are able to do very little or nothing for themselves

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20
Q

Venous return

A

Blood return from extremities back to the heart

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21
Q

Prosthesis

A

An artificial limb, such as an arm or leg

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22
Q

Removal of contact lenses

A
  1. Wash your hands and put on gloves
  2. Pull down on the lower lid and place one finger across the top of the upper lid, applying gentle but firm pressure
  3. Ask the patient to blink
  4. Hard lenses will pop out between your fingers. A soft contact lens will wrinkle off the eye, and you can grasp it with your fingers. If the soft contact is not easily grasped in this manner, pull the bottom eye lid down and the top eyelid up. Then gently use your gloves finger to pull the contact down off of the iris (colored part of the eye) to be grasped and removed.
    Safety: do not slide the lens down the iris with pressure as this can scratch the cornea
  5. Hold the lens gently and carefully while you place it in the appropriate well of the lens case, either right or left
  6. Fill the wells, covering the lenses with saline or special soaking solution, according to the patients routine
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23
Q

How to remove the prosthesis when no implanted globe is present, only an ocular prosthesis (artificial eye)

A
  1. Wash your hands and put on gloves
  2. Dip the end of the suction cup in saline
  3. Lift the upper eyelid
  4. Squeeze the suction cup and place it on the iris of the prosthesis
  5. Stop squeezing
  6. Use the handle of the suction cup to lift the prosthesis out of the socket.
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24
Q

To remove the prosthesis when a natural of implanted blind globe is present

A
  1. Wash your hands and put on gloves
  2. Dip the end of the suction cup in saline
  3. Squeeze the suction cup and place it on the iris of the prosthesis.
  4. Stop squeezing
  5. Raise the upper eyelid
  6. Tilt the prosthesis out from under the upper lid.
  7. Lift the prosthesis out. When dealing with a natural blind globe be careful not to touch or press on the cornea, which is very sensitive.
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25
Q

To replace an artificial eye

A
  1. Wash hands and put gloves on.
  2. Dip the suction cup in saline
  3. Squeeze the suction cup handle and attach it to the iris of the prosthesis
  4. Stop squeezing the handle of the suction cup
  5. Ensure that the prosthesis is wet with saline or lubricating solution
  6. Lift the upper eyelid, making a gap between it and the blind globe or implant
  7. Slide the top of the prosthesis beneath the upper eyelid and release the lid
  8. Pull down the lower lid and slide the prosthesis behind the lower lid
  9. Release the lower lid
  10. Squeeze the handle of the suction cup; it will release from the prosthesis
  11. Return the suction cup to its appropriate storage place
26
Q

Proper way to clean a patients glasses

A
  • Clean patient’s glasses with warm water and a soft cloth
  • Avoid using paper towels or tissues because they can scratch the lenses
  • Be sure the patient knows where you have put the glasses if he or she is not wearing them
  • Place then within east reach because some patients need their glasses to read or watch TV
27
Q

Proper denture care

A
  • Line the sink with a towel so that if dentures slip while you are cleaning them, they will land on a soft surface
  • Use cool water to clean the dentures because hot water can damage them
  • Store dentures overnight in a denture cup and water Add a cleaning tablet if the patient desires.
  • Avoid treating partial dentures containing metal parts with a cleaning tablet; instead, place them in water overnight
28
Q

Oral care for the unconscious patient (chief hazard)

A

Safety: You must be careful to minimize any chance of aspiration of fluids. To do this, position the patient on either side with the bed flat. In this way, fluids ran out of the mouth instead of down the throat. Keep a suction device ready for use

29
Q

Measures the nurse can utilize to prevent aspiration in oral care of an unconscious patient

A
  • asses the mouth for lesions and dried mouth secretions known as sordes
  • 5mL or less fluid when cleaning
  • use a small amount of toothpaste and a brush, as well as sponge swabs
  • lemon glycerin swabs not recommended, they cause drying of the oral mucosa. If they are used for a long time, they may cause damage to tooth enamel
  • apply water-soluble lip balm
30
Q

Back massages may not be indicated if

A
  • if the patient has heart conditions because they can stimulate the vagus nerve and slow the heart rate
  • if the patient has fractures of the ribs or vertebrae, it would increase pain and put pressure on the fractured area
31
Q

Name a mineral that helps prevent cavities

A

Fluoride

32
Q

System that includes the skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails and teeth

A

Endocrine system

33
Q

Benefits of Bathing Patients

A
  • cleanses the skin
  • provides an opportunity for skin assessment
  • increases circulation
  • increases sensation
  • provides comfort and relaxation
  • provides improved self esteem
  • contributes to the establishment of the Nurse-Patient relationship
34
Q

Benefits of bathing for the patient and nurse

A
  • establishes trust
  • gives nurse an opportunity to hear what the patient is feeling and thinking
  • more time to have a conversation
35
Q

Complete Bed Bath

A
  • The patient is unable to get out of bed
  • the task is done by using a basin of water at the bedside
  • all parts of the body are washed
  • generally patient is too ill to help and nurse preforms all care
36
Q

Assisted or Help Bath

A
  • Done in bed or with patient sitting in chair
  • Patient participates as much as possible
  • If patient becomes fatigued or short of breath, or develops pain the nursing staff finishes whatever the patient can’t reach or complete.
37
Q

Partial Bath

A
  • Only selected areas of patient are bathed
  • May be done when patient is in pain or nauseated to prevent moving him/her more than is comfortable
  • Generally includes washing the face, hands, axilla, buttocks, and perineal area, or parts that would cause odor if not washed
38
Q

Tub Bath

A
  • Patient sits in a tub of water that may or may not include whirlpool action
  • all of the body is washed
  • the danger of slips and falls exist
  • new tubs are designed with doors for easy entrance and exit, making them less dangerous
39
Q

Shower

A
  • patient can sit on bench or shower chair and stay under spray of shower
  • it is possible to turn the spray off while washing and then back on for rinsing
  • use caution not to chill the patient
  • you can usually wash patients hair during shower with little difficulty
40
Q

Therapeutic Baths

A
  • usually a tub bath given for a specific reason
  • it may be a whirlpool bath to remove infected or necrotic tissue from wounds
  • it may also involve having the patient soak in the tub with medication added to the water to soothe itching or skin disorders
41
Q

Towel or Blanket Bath

A
  • done with patient in bed
  • may be commercially prepared or created by the nursing staff
  • includes bath blanket, washcloth(s), and towel(s) in a large bag
  • linens are saturated with a no rinse cleanser
  • the entire bag is then heated in the microwave and brought to the bedside
  • patient is covered with a bath blanket, which is replaced with the heat moistened bath blanket from the feet up
  • patient is massaged through the warm bath blanket
  • heated washcloths are used for face
  • heated towels are for back, buttocks and perineum
42
Q

Bag Bath

A
  • similar to towel bath, but it also contains 12 to 15 washcloths that are saturated with no rinse skin cleanser and heated in a bag in the microwave
  • each washcloth is used to wash one area of the body and then discarded to prevent cross contamination and contamination of wounds with dirty bath water
  • the disposable version is expensive, but the idea can be duplicated with reusable washcloths in a zip-type plastic bag
43
Q

A person who must be provided with extreme caution while receiving nail care and may require a physicians order

A

A diabetic

44
Q

Number of permanent teeth

A

32

45
Q

Number of permanent teeth w/o wisdom teeth

A

28

46
Q

2 situations in which shaving with a safety razor is contraindicated

A
  1. Blood disorders

2. Patient is on anticoagulants

47
Q

Part of the eye that will be effected if the contact lens is worn too long

A

Cornea

48
Q

Pyorrhea

A

Pus

49
Q

Atrophy

A

Degeneration

50
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear wax

51
Q

Open bed

A

This type of bed is made with the top linens fan folded to the foot of the bed so that the patient can easily slip into the bed and pull them up

52
Q

Surgical bed

A

This type of bed is made with top linens fan folded to the side of the bed ( the side away from the door). When patient returns on a stretcher, they can be transferred easy without linens getting in the way.

53
Q

Closed bed

A

In acute care, the closed bed is only used when the patient is discharged. The room is cleaned and bed is made with fresh linens. The top lines cover the bed to keep clean. This will be converted to an open bed when staff are alerted to a patient admission

54
Q

Flat

A

Bed position used for resting or sleeping and after certain procedures such as lumbar punctures and back surgery

55
Q

Fowler’s

A

Bed position. Knees slightly elevated to prevent sliding down; used when patients want to sit up and watch TV or converse with visitors

56
Q

Semi-Fowler’s

A

Bed position used for patients on continuous tube feedings to prevent aspiration and for comfort when patient dose not wish to be completely flat.

57
Q

Trendelenburg

A

Bed position. Used for patients who have very low blood pressure (shock) to return blood to the brains and vital organs. Keeping the head of the bed flat with the feet elevated is the preferred bed position for patients with breathing difficulties or head injury

58
Q

Nursing responsibilities during bath

A
  • Assessing skin
  • completely bathing process in a timely manner
  • be alert to signs of fatigue, assist as needed
  • intervening in ways to conserve the patients energy
  • having patient put on a terry cloth robe immediately after
  • using a bench in the shower if the patient is unable to stand for the duration of a shower
  • using a chair or bench in the tub if the patient can not sit all the way down in the tub and easily get back up
59
Q

Know responsibilities for making beds

A

Pg 261

60
Q

What is the major cause of tooth loss in older adults?

A

Periodontal disease

Fundamentals Chp 15 (1 decks)

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