Chp 15: Anti-discrimination Laws

Question 1

Institutional Racism

Answer 1

Racism that does not overtly seek to exclude but where systems and processes work better for members of certain races than other races.

Question 2

Direct Discrimination

Answer 2

Discrimination with a discriminatory intent, such as refusing to lease to an applicant because of that applicant’s race or other protected class.I

Question 3

Indirect Discrimination

Answer 3

Discrimination without a clear discriminatory intent but with a discriminatory impact, such as facially-neutral requirements that in fact are more difficult for people in a particular protected class to meet.

Question 4

De Jure Segregation

Answer 4

Segregation imposed directly by governmental action, such as racially discriminatory zoning ordinances.

Question 5

De Facto Segregation

Answer 5

Segregation occurring through the actions of private entities and individuals, such as discriminatory lending policies by private lenders.

Question 6

Blockbusting

Answer 6

It’s called blockbusting when a real estate agent induces homeowners to sell or list their homes by predicting that members of another race or ethnic group, or people suffering from some disability, will be moving into the neighborhood.

Blockbusting is illegal.

Question 7

Steering

Answer 7

It’s steering when a real estate agent channels prospective buyers or tenants toward or away from particular neighborhoods based on their race, religion, or national origin.

Steering is illegal.

Question 8

Redlining

Answer 8

It is redlining for a lender to refuse to make a loan because of the racial or ethnic composition of the neighborhood in which the property is located.

Redlining is illegal.

Question 9

Equal Credit Opportunity Act

Answer 9

In credit transactions, including mortgage lending, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because of receipt of public assistance.

Question 10

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

Answer 10

To help prevent redlining, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act requires lenders to prepare annual reports on their residential mortgage loans.

Question 11

ADA

Answer 11

The Americans with Disabilities Act is a federal law intended to ensure that disabled persons have equal access to public facilities.

Question 12

Washington Law Against Discrimination

Answer 12

The Washington Law Against Discrimination prohibits discrimination in employment, insurance and credit transactions, and public accommodations, as well as real estate transactions.

Question 13

Washington Fairness in Lending Act

Answer 13

The Washington Fairness in Lending Act prohibits redlining.

Question 14

Washington Real Estate License Law

Answer 14

The Washington Real Estate License Law also prohibits discrimination by real estate licensees.

It provides that a real estate agent who violates any fair housing law or civil rights law may have her license suspended or revoked and could be subject to a fine.

Question 15

Antitrust Laws

Answer 15

The Washington Real Estate License Law also prohibits discrimination by real estate licensees.

It provides that a real estate agent who violates any fair housing law or civil rights law may have her license suspended or revoked and could be subject to a fine.

Question 16

Price Fixing

Answer 16

Price fixing is the cooperative setting of prices by competing firms, in violation of antitrust laws.

In the real estate context, examples include agreements between competing brokerage firms to set commission rates, and the establishment of uniform commission rates by a multiple listing service. Both of these would be illegal price fixing.

Question 17

Group Boycott

Answer 17

A group boycott is an agreement between two or more competing businesses to exclude another business from fair participation in the market.

Antitrust laws prohibit group boycotts.

Question 18

Tie-in Agreement

Answer 18

A tie-in arrangement is an agreement to sell one product only on the condition that the buyer also purchases a different product.

Tie-in arrangements violate antitrust laws.

Question 19

Market Allocation

Answer 19

Market allocation occurs when competing businesses agree to divide up their market in some way, allocating certain products or customers or locations between them as their exclusive domains.

This allocation violates antitrust laws.

Question 20

CAN-SPAM Act

Answer 20

The CAN-SPAM Act requires unsolicited emails to provide a way for recipients to opt out of receiving future emails from the sender.