Chp 12: ensuring health and safety at workplace Flashcards
LO1: define assumption of risk
meaning worker accepts all customary risks associated with his/her occupation
LO1: 2 points to assumption of risk
1) Was a legal expression used by the courts
2) Obsolete attitude toward accident prevention
LO1: 2 safety in workplace models
1) careless worker
2) shared responsibility
LO1: define careless worker
Early approach to safety in the workplace which assumed accidents were due to workers’ carelessness
LO1: define shared responsibility
A newer approach to workplace safety that relies on the cooperation of the employer and employees
LO1: 5 things that resulted in accident rates reduced
1) Management committed to safety in workplace
2) Employees informed about accident prevention
3) Consultation between employer and employees take place on regular basis
4) Trusting relationship between employer and staff
5) Employees have actual input into decision making process
LO1: defect of workers comp
they are after-the-fact efforts
LO1: how are accidents caused at work
Accidents caused by unsafe employee behaviour and unsafe working conditions
LO1: cost of workplace accidents and illness
1) $8B annually in direct compensation
2) More than $19B including indirect expenses (does not include incalculable social toll associated with accidents)
LO1: how many canadian workers die every day from accident and illness at work
3
LO1: trend of injuries
of workplace injuries has declined and leveled off. But direct cost of injuries has not
LO1: what does direct cost of injuries include
lost wages, first aid, medical treatment, rehab, disability compensation
LO1: what does indirect cost of injuries include
lost production, recruiting, selecting, training new employees, damage to facilities and equipment
LO1: national day of mourning for employees killed/injured on job
April 28
LO1: 4 most dangerous industries when considering time loss rates
Fishing, construction, manufacturing, transportation
LO1: 5 most common injuries
strains + sprains -> cuts -> contusions -> crushing -> bruises
LO1: 5 most common body part involving work injuries
back -> fingers -> legs -> shoulders -> ankles
LO1: what is overlooked for work injuries
professional sports
LO1: list 3 health hazards
1) physical agents
2) biological agents/biohazards + chemicals
3) ergonomic related
LO1: point to physical agents
Exposure to physical elements (eg noise, temperature, lighting, vibrations, radiation)
LO1: 2 points to biological agents/biohazards + chemicals
1) Exposure to natural organisms (eg viruses)
2) Exposure to asbestos responsible for ⅓ workplace deaths each year
LO1: 2 points to ergonomic related health hazards
1) Caused by work environment (eg repetitive strain)
2) Studies show workers whose jobs involve standing are 2x as likely to have heart attack or heart failure
LO1: 4 points to young workers
1) Growing emphasis on the health and safety of young workers
2) 1 in 7 young workers is injured on the job
3) One-fourth of all workplace injuries involve workers aged 15 – 29 years
4) Most common types of injuries are electrocution and machine injuries
LO1: explain laws for workplace health and safety
Each province and federal jurisdiction have detailed legislation addressing health and safety
LO1: what are most employees governed by for health and safety
provincial legislation
LO1: explain federal level law of health and safety
canada labour code (part 2) details elements of industrial safety program + provides regulations to deal with safety problems(3 fundamental employee rights)
LO1: list 3 fundamental employee rights in canada labour code part 2
1) The right to know about hazards in the workplace
2) The right to participate in correcting hazards
3) The right to refuse dangerous work
LO1: 5 federal + provincial safety regulations
1) workplace health and safety committee
2) hazardous products act
3) transportation of dangerous goods act
4) canadian centre for occupational health and safety act
5) workplace hazardous material info system (WHMIS)
LO1: define workplace health and safety committee
Group consisting of representatives of the employer and employees that meets regularly to reduce accident rates
LO1: when is workplace health and safety committee required
Usually required in every workplace with 20+ employees
LO1: 6 duties of workplace health and safety under federal jurisdiction
1) Meeting at least 9x per year and regular intervals and during regular working hours
2) Considering and quickly disposing of health and safety complaints
3) Participating in all inquiries pertaining to employee safety and health
4) Ensuring adequate records kept on workplace accidents, injuries, health hazards
5) Participating in implementation of changes that might affect occupational health and safety
6) Inspecting, each month, all or part of workplace so every part of workplace inspected at least once a year
LO1: 3 points to hazardous products act
1) Federal law
2) Protects consumers by regulating the sale of dangerous products
3) WHMIS included
LO1: 3 points to transportation of dangerous goods act
1) Federal law
2) Makes transport canada responsible for handling + transporting dangerous materials by federally regulated shipping + transport companies
3) Required goods be identified, carrier be informed, and classified
LO1: define WHMIS
Requires suppliers label all hazardous products and provide a (material) safety data sheet on each
LO1: 4 points to WHMIS
1) Now includes Hazardous Products Act
2) Each country has different requirements so problem with global trade
3) To standardize, globally harmonized system of classification and labelling chemical (GHS) introduced
4) Requires that employers provide training to enable employees to understand and recognize hazards
LO1: changes to canada labour code for health and safety
Many changes include removal of health and safety officers and replaced by ministers. Provincial laws provide similar powers to safety officers under their jurisdiction
LO1: explain nova scotia and use of fines
also fines and rigorously enforce safety in construction trades. Aimed at use of cheap labourers rather than skilled tradespersons on construction projects. Black market costs companies that invest heavily in safety, training, apprenticeship
LO1: explain who doesn’t need a warrant
An occupational health and safety inspector can enter a business to carry out duties without notice or warrant.
LO1: do fines result in better action?
some disagree
LO1: punishment for not following safety
Companies can be fined and supervisors can be jailed for not following safety
LO2: traditional thinking for health and safety
Historically it was seen that responsibility for health and safety rested primarily on employer. This is changing.
LO2: what part of recruitment is neglected for health and safety
orientation
LO2: 4 points to occupational health and safety now
1) Legal requirements – should be seen as the minimum requirements for employers
2) Canada’s top 100 employers in 2015 place considerable attention on safety
3) Responsibility for health and safety is shifting from employers to employees (joint committees)
4) Workers on shift work may experience high stress + prone to increase accidents from fatigue.
LO3; 3 people with responsibility for health and safety
top management, employees, supervisors
LO3: 1 points to responsibility for top management
1) Can outsource some health and safety needs to experts
LO3: 3 points to bill c-45
1) Bill C-45 to criminal code imposed duty on individuals and orgs, anyone who has authority to direct how person does work is under legal duty
2) Criticism of c-45, few cases have resulted from legislation (20). One of them is r v metron construction
3) Greatest value of act may lie in statutory offense called corporate manslaughter
LO3: 9 ingredients of effective safety training program
1) Accident investigation + analysis
2) Communication + report writing
3) Overview of legislation requirements
4) Meeting with management and objective setting
5) Org and responsibility of joint health and safety committee
6) Team problem solving
7) Audits + inspections
8) Principles of occupational health + safety
9) Ergonomics
LO3: 2 pressing workplace issues
worker compliance + managing safety with fewer workers