Chp 11 The Fence Of Actions For First Responders Flashcards
-preventing a release
-containing the release of a liquid, gas/vapors, or solid
-protective actions
(Evacuation and in-place protection)
Are examples of:
Defensive actions at the operations level
Operations level = defensive actions without actually trying to stop the release.
“29 CFR Haz. Waste Ops and emergency Response”
What are the three TYPES of STRESS that can affect a container?
Thermal
Mechanical
Chemical
When trying to prevent a release of hazardous materials, first responders should always remember that — usually present the greatest danger.
Pressurized containers
Propane has an expansion ratio of—, meaning that One cubic foot of liquid vaporizes to 270 ft.³ of gas
270:1
An increase in both pitch and volume from a pressure relief valve should serve as a warning to :
Immediately evacuate the area.
— and — can increase the internal pressure of nonpressurized containers .
External heating
Chemical reaction of the contents inside the container
The ends of —- containers are usually the weakest locations, and the record the most dangerous.
Non pressure
Vs
Pressure containers where “damage is especially troublesome at weld lines”
Adding — to an open top container with an unknown substance undergoing a violent chemical reaction could make the problem worse.
Water
Responders should monitor the integrity of any — and be prepared to react should they suspect impending failure.
Dikes
Dikes should be capable of holding the entire contents of the container.
And be compatible with the leaking material
- PAD-mounted transformers
- manhole covers
- valve boxes
- utility poles with cables that run underground
Are examples of obvious indicators of :
Underground utilities
Consider before digging retention basin
When contacting a “utility locating company” by telephone you should be prepared to provide a —and — where you can be reached.
Location
Call back number
(Call the 48 hr response number and inform them of emergent situation)
The following characteristics are used with what containment device?
- it cannot be miscible with water
- it must float on the surface of water (specific gravity of less than 1)
Absorbent booms
Ex: diesel fuel
– are manufactured in 10ft sections and are designed to be hooked together
- no go on large bodies of water with wave action/strong currents
- use with small creeks, streams, ponds
Absorbent booms
These containment devices are best used in NARROW creeks and streams with flowing water.
-use hard suction hose with 2’ in front of the dam
Underflow dams
Subject to erosion
— in this situation refers to additional back up barriers down stream.
Redundancy
The removal of LARGE amounts of materials may require use of a — equipped with a vacuum device
Commercial truck
Removal of a hazardous material that is floating on the surface of water may involve the use of —.
Absorbent pads
In particular, when dealing with small spills involving some —, the ERG2004 recommends applying “flooding quantities of water”
Oxidizers
Many of these are odorless and colorless.
Gases and vapors
Listen for audible clues of release
This occurs as moisture in the surrounding atmosphere is cooled by the escaping gas or vapor.
Frosting near the discharge opening of a compressed gas cylinder.
What is the most difficult form of material to control?
Gas or vapor
Controlling vapors and gases with in buildings is done by:
Closing doors
Shutting down HVAC
(Commercial building g contact the building engineer)
For example, attempting to co York a release of chlorine gas with water spray may produce a …
Toxic run off
Controlling Vapors and gases with fog streams:
Air entrained in a fog stream could actually mix with these materials and cause them —
To reach their flammable range.
Freezing weather may require application of — on icy surfaces to minimize (slipping) hazards to personnel.
Sand
Containing the release of a solid:
Resist wetting to hold down dust(granular/powder substance)
This is Especially important if the material is — with water.
Soluble (meaning it will dissolve in water)
— are defensive tactics that can be used by responders to minimize the exposure of people to hazardous materials.
PROTECTIVE actions
Isolating and denying entry
Evacuation
In-place protection in nearby structures
Consult the ERG for transportation emergencies. Recommended distances for immediate isolation of a spill or leak can be found in the Orange boarded pages under —.
Public safety
The (greenboarderd pages) “Table of initial isolation and protective action distances” shows areas likely to be affected during the first — minutes after materials are spilled.
30
Efforts to — affected areas and — are effective defensive tactics for most hazardous materials incidents.
Isolate
Deny entry
When time allows, evacuation is best. In this manner, it is usually possible to account for individuals and to provide for their wellbeing in shelters
Evacuation
Not shelter in place
This may be preferable to allowing them to remain in buildings in areas potentially contaminated with an airborne hazardous material.
Evacuation
– may be preferred method of defensive protective actions if a material released is flammable or if it will likely take a long time for the material to dissipate, such as when heavier-than-air gas is released on a day with little wind.
Evacuation
The best way to decontaminate any protective clothing is to:
Avoid contamination
Erg2004 defines — as “ the removal of dangerous goods from personnel and equipment to the extent necessary to prevent potential adverse health effects.
Decontamination
Decontamination done by:
At least a Gross wash
Soap solution (concern with chemicals)
Remove PPE (turn inside out/ put in large clear trash bags)
Give MSDS to person washing PPE
The task of disposing of decontamination run off water is usually done:
Vs
Before disposing of decon run off consult — to determine appropriate action.
In conjunction with the disposal of other hazardous waste generated during the incident.
Representatives from environmental regulatory agencies.
The operation of. Pressure relief valve is no guarantee that a container won’t:
Explode
Weakest and most dangerous points for
Non pressurized containers ?
The ends of the container
Containing a release
These barriers can be built from what?
Vs
The ERG2004 suggests the use of —,—or other non-combustible material when dealing with spills of certain types of hazardous materials.
Soil dug from nearby areas or brought to the scene in a dump truck or bags. Additional materials that can be used include absorbents carried on apparatus either bags or buckets.
Dry EARTH, dry SAND
The ERG 2004 suggests the use of —, —, or other noncombustible material when dealing with spills of certain types of hazardous materials.
Dry earth
Dry sand
Removal of hazardous material that is floating on the surface of water may involve the use of what?
Absorbent pads
However, removal of LARGE amounts of material may require the use of commercial trucks with a vacuum device
Vapor ignition sources
Vapors/gasses in a building ignited by a source as simple as:
Natural gas indoors migrate upwards into attic to be ignited by:
Propane can seep into crawl space of house and explode once ignited by:
Light switch
Attic fan
Floor furnace
Once responders decide on either in-place protection or evacuation, their next challenge is to:
Notify individuals in the affected area of suggested actions to take.
Accountability
Serious concern:
Even more challenging:
Children
More than one building
An important point that first responders should remember about presssure relief devices is that:
They can protect a container only as long as they are the weak link in the container wall.
Defensive actions that first responders can undertake include:
- Preventing a release
- Containing the release of a solid, liquid, gas, or vapor
- Protective actions (evacuation and in-place protection)
The dangers associated with hazardous materials — once the materials are released from their containers.
Increase
An assessment of containers should attempt to determine:
Containers that have already released their contents
Containers that have been ongoing release
Containers that have not release their contents
Regardless of contents, containers under pressure has the potential to cause a significant physical harm if the container ruptures and by the park, or if a — results in a sudden release of a hazardous material
Damaged valve assembly
What is a possible role first responders during vehicle accidents?
They should attempt to learn not only what materials are present, but also the type of containers involved.
*no other roles
What is a possible role of first responders at structure fires?
And some situations, preventing the release of hazardous materials may require overhaul to be conducted in conjunction with cleanup contractors.
No other roles*
Role of first responders when dealing with pressurize a non-pressurized containers?
“Everything is dangerous at best”
Evacuating the the area a safe distance may be the only option.
In addition, the LOCATION of any containment device used in a body of water should always take into consideration:
The eventual removal of the material.
Water patterns available for most five trains are capable of moving large volumes of gases in vapor. Therefore first responders must use caution to ensure that:
Any gases and vapors are moving from an area of greater harm to lesser harm.
FR must also keep in mind that water spray applied to flammable gases and vapors will not always prevent ignition. Air entrained in a fog stream could actually mix with these materials and cause some to reach their flammable range.
