Chp. 1-2 Flashcards
What is Exercise Physiology?
Study of how your body reacts to exercise. Its like your body’s ‘fitness drama.’
August Krogh: The OG of Capillaries
Won a Nobel Prize for studying blood flow in tiny vessels. Fancy, huh?
Who are the European MVPs in exercise physiology?
J.S. Haldane invented a respiratory gas analyzer. Christian Bohr unveiled how hemoglobin works.
What was the Harvard Fatigue Lab known for?
Researching metabolism, aging, and extreme weather survival.
What is VO2 Max?
Maximal oxygen use = your fitness power level.
What was Eisenhower’s Fitness Panic?
WWII-era worry about soldiers’ fitness leading to national workout programs.
Who was Frances Hellebrandt?
Rehab queen during WWII. Exercise isn’t just sweat; it’s medicine.
What is the Work Formula?
Work = Force Distance. Lifting stuff + moving it = physics at the gym.
What is the Power Formula?
Power = Work Time. Faster lifting = more power.
What are Ergometers?
Machines for measuring work, like treadmills.
What is Direct Calorimetry?
Measures heat = energy used. Pricey and feels like a human sauna.
What is Indirect Calorimetry?
Measures oxygen to guess calories. Budget-friendly science.
What is Running Economy?
How much gas (O2) you burn per mile.
What is Bioenergetics?
Turning food into energy. Your body’s kitchen.
What is ATP?
Think of ATP as a battery your muscles love to drain.
What is Anaerobic energy?
Quick energy bursts for sprints and lifting. Hello, lactic acid!
What is Aerobic energy?
Long, steady energy from fatty acids and glucose.
What are the types of Mitochondria?
Subsarcolemmal powers membranes; Intermyofibrillar feeds muscle contractions.
What is Glycolysis?
Glucose Pyruvate + Energy (ATP). Short bursts of sugar power.
What is the Lactic Acid Myth?
Lactate isn’t waste; it’s fuel. Your body recycles like a pro.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
Happens in mitochondria. Produces ATP and electron buddies (NADH, FADH2).
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
Electrons + Oxygen = ATP explosion.
What is Oxidation-Reduction?
Oxidation: Lose electrons. Reduction: Gain electrons.
What are Enzymes?
Lower energy hurdles to make reactions zoom.
What are the main Fuels for energy?
Carbs = Quick sugar power; Fats = Slow, steady energy; Proteins = Backup fuel.
What is the ATP-PC System?
Energy for short, intense moments (e.g., lifting 100 lbs).
What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic?
Anaerobic: Sprints = sugar rush; Aerobic: Marathons = fat burn.
What are Free Radicals?
Molecules with extra energy, controlled better with exercise.
What is the Energy Balancing Act?
Glucose gives ~32 ATP, not the old-school 38.
What is Phosphocreatine?
Helps rebuild ATP quickly. Sprinters love it.
What are Control Freak Enzymes?
Glycolysis: PFK in charge; Krebs: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase is boss; ETC: Cytochrome Oxidase rules.
What is Exercise Efficiency?
How much energy you use for work. More doesn’t always mean better.
What is the relationship between Heat and Enzymes?
Warmer temps = enzymes work faster (until you overheat).
What is Glycogen?
Stored in muscles and liver, cashed out during exercise.
What is needed for Marathon Energy?
Long events need aerobic power (carbs + fats working overtime).
