Chp. 1, 2, 16

Question 1

What types of operations do industrial and mechanical technicians use hand tools for?

Answer 1

Twisting, turning, bending, cutting, stripping, attaching, pulling and securing operations

Question 2

Why is a box or socket wrench the safest wrench that can be used?

Answer 2

Because wrenches of these types cannot slip and injure a technician.

Question 3

What are the common types of pliers?

Answer 3

Slip-joint, tongue-and-groove, long nose, locking, diagonal-cutting, lineman’s, end-cutting, and self-adjusting pliers

Question 4

Describe the common punches used by mechanical technicians

Answer 4

Prick punch - Used for making small dents or indentation and/or establishing points for dividers and trammel points.

Center punch - Used to make small indentations in hard surfaces, such as metal, by striking the surface with a hammer to establish a centerpoint for drilling a hole.

Solid punch - Used to punch small holes in light-gauge metal.

Pin punch - Used for removing pins from parallel holes. Used for removing pins such as roll pins or dowel pins.

Spring-loaded punches - Can mark a punch without use of a hammer.

Question 5

What are the most common types of vises used in mechanical work?

Answer 5

Pipe vises, bench vises and machine vises

Question 6

What is penetrating oil used for?

Answer 6

An industrial lubricant used to clean and loosen frozen parts.

Question 7

Why are double-cut files preferred over single-cut files when it comes to rough filing?

Answer 7

They remove material faster than single-cut files.

Question 8

Describe the common taps used by mechanical technicians.

Answer 8

Taper tap - Used for threading small diameter holes and alloy steels because they cause less breakage.

Plug tap - Used after a taper tap to start a true and straight thread.

Bottom tap - Tap designed to cut threads at the bottom portion of a hole. Should not be used for cutting threads in an unthreaded hole.

Question 9

List two reasons why dies have a side with a 45-degree chamfer.

Answer 9

To prevent die-tooth breakage.

To allow for a gentle cutting start.

Question 10

What tools are commonly used to drive chisels?

Answer 10

A mallet or hammer

Question 11

What are the two types of cuts than can be made with a handsaw?

Answer 11

Cross cuts and rip cuts

Question 12

List at least one advantage and disadvantage of using tools that operate on AC power.

Answer 12

One advantage is that they have more power than tools that operate on DC power. One disadvantage is that they are not mobile like cordless power tools that use DC.

Question 13

What size in diameter do circular blades range from and which diameters are most commonly used?

Answer 13

Circular saw blade diameters range from 4 1/2” to 12”, with 7 1/4”-, 7 1/2”-, or 8 1/4”-diameter blades being the most commonly used.

Question 14

List at least 5 safety guidelines for using power tools.

Answer 14

Do not wear loose clothing.

Clean and lubricate all tools after use.

Shut power OFF when work is complete.

Verify that all safety guards are in place and in working order.

Read the manufacturer’s manual before using any power tool.

(Any of the 5 listed on page 45 of Chapter 2).

Question 15

What are the most common types of ladders used by industrial and mechanical technicians?

Answer 15

Fixed, single, extension, and stepladders

Question 16

What are the two main causes of injuries in the workplace?

Answer 16

1. A person either takes a chance or takes their mind off their work.
2. Taking shortcuts.

Question 17

What is first aid?

Answer 17

Help for a victim immediately after an injury and before professional medical help arrives.

Question 18

What is a Good Samaritan Law?

Answer 18

Laws designed to encourage individuals to help others in emergencies. They vary from state to state.

Question 19

What is the most visible sign of an injury?

Answer 19

Bleeding

Question 20

List the causes of burns.

Answer 20

Heat, chemicals, or electricity

Question 21

What are the two main causes of slips and falls in the workplace?

Answer 21

1. Poor housekeeping.
2. Poor or inappropriate footwear.

Question 22

List the steps to follow when assisting a choking victim.

Answer 22

Correct
1. Ask the victim if they are choking.

2. Shout for help if the victim cannot cough, speak, or breathe.
3. Call 911 or the workplace emergency number.
4. Perform abdominal thrusts. Abdominal thrusts are performed by wrapping the arms around the victim’s waist, making a fist, and placing the thumb of the fist on the middle of the victim’s abdomen just above the navel. The fist is grasped with the other hand and pressed into the abdomen with a quick upward thrust.

Question 23

What causes a large percentage of eye injuries?

Answer 23

Direct contact with chemicals.

Question 24

What can be caused by repeated exposure to sounds at various loudness levels over an extended period of time?

Answer 24

NIHL or Noise Induced Hearing Loss

Question 25

What type of PPE should be worn to prevent hearing damage?

Answer 25

Earplugs or earmuffs

Question 26

Explain how a respirator is selected.

Answer 26

It is selected based on the type of material or chemical hazard to which a technician is exposed. Respirator selection should be made according to NIOSH 87-108, Respirator Decision Logic and ANSI/AIHA Z88.2, Respiratory Protection.

Question 27

Explain the difference between the lower explosive limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL).

Answer 27

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is the lowest concentration (air-fuel mixture) at which a gas can ignite. Concentrations below this limit are too lean to burn.

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) is the highest concentration (air-fuel mixture) at which a gas can ignite. Concentrations above this limit are too rich to burn.

Question 28

Where must a confined-space entry-permit be placed?

Answer 28

At confined-space entrances or otherwise made available to entrants before entering a permit-required confined space.

Question 29

What is the minimum working height that requires the use of a personal fall-arrest system?

Answer 29

10 ft

Question 30

Define safety net.

Answer 30

A net made of rope or webbing designed to catching or protecting a falling technician. It must be used anywhere a technician is 25 ft or more above the ground, water, machinery, or other solid surfaces when the technician is not otherwise protected by fall-arrest equipment or scaffold guardrails. Must also be used when public traffic or other technicians are permitted underneath a work area that is not otherwise protected from falling objects.

Question 31

What is work produced in a hydraulic system dependent on?

Answer 31

The pressure and flow of the fluid in the system.

Question 32

What does Pascal’s Law state?

Answer 32

It states that pressure at any one point in a static liquid is the same in every direction and acts with equal force on equal areas.

Question 33

Describe the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure.

Answer 33

Gauge pressure is above atmospheric pressure that is used to express pressures inside a closed system. It assumes that atmospheric pressure is zero (0 psi). Expressed in pounds per inch gauge (psig) or psi.

Absolute pressure is pressure above a perfect vacuum. It is the sum of gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. Expressed in pounds per square inch absolute (psia).

Question 34

Define dynamic lift.

Answer 34

The lift of fluid in motion. It represents the pressure necessary to lift a fluid from a given point to a given height.

Question 35

List two reasons why practical dynamic lift is considerably less than practical static lift.

Answer 35

It is because of the friction within piping lengths, piping sizes, number of fittings such as elbows or valves, and because of the fat that most installations are higher than sea level.

Question 36

Describe the relationship between fluid flow and friction in a hydraulic system.

Answer 36

In a hydraulic system with flowing fluid, pressure is caused by total resistance to the fluid flow from a pump. Pressure results only where there is resistance to flow. Resistance to flow is comprised of friction throughout the system and actuator loads.

Question 37

What does the viscosity index indicate?

Answer 37

The viscosity index is a scale used to show the magnitude of viscosity changes in lubrication oils with changes in temperature. It indicates the relative change in SUS (Saybolt Universal Seconds) readings.

Question 38

Define pressure drop.

Answer 38

The pressure differential between upstream and downstream fluid flow caused by resistance.

Question 39

Why does it take less hydraulic fluid to retract a piston than it takes to extend a piston?

Answer 39

This is due to the piston rod taking up part of the cylinder volume (reduced capacity

Question 40

Define mechanical advantage.

Answer 40

It is the ratio of the output force to the input force of a device. It is achieved when an applied input force is multiplied, resulting in a larger output force.

Question 41

Describe the theory of the conservation of energy.

Answer 41

It states that the total energy of a fluid at any point in a system is equal to the total energy of the fluid at another point unless work has been done by the fluid on some external component.

Question 42

List the four events that reduce energy as it is transmitted through a hydraulic system.

Answer 42

Friction, heat, resistance, and slippage.

Question 43

What does the presence of torque indicate?

Answer 43

It indicates that there is a force present, even without rotation.

Question 44

What is horsepower in a hydraulic system used to calculate?

Answer 44

The rate at which a system is doing work.

Question 45

What can increasing the pressure and flow rate do to a hydraulic system and cylinder?

Answer 45

It increases a system’s working force or speed. Increasing pressure increases cylinder output force. Increasing flow rate increases cylinder speed.