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Bio Chp 1 > Chp 1 > Flashcards

Chp 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biology?

A

Biology is the study of living things. It is a branch of science and a way of understanding nature.

The literal meaning of biology is the study of life.

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2
Q

What is life according to biologists?

A

For biologists, life is a set of characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living objects.

Living organisms are highly organized, complex entities; are composed of one or more cells; contain genetic program of their characteristics; can acquire and use energy; can carry out and control numerous chemical reactions; can grow in size; maintain a fairly constant internal environment; produce offspring similar to themselves; respond to changes in their environment.

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3
Q

Why is the science of biology divided into branches?

A

The science of biology is divided into branches for the convenience of comprehending and studying biology.

Volumes of information are available under this major head, so it is natural to divide the science into branches.

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4
Q

What are some branches of biology?

A

Some branches of biology include Ecology, Embryology, Physiology, Morphology, Paleontology, Histology, Evolution, Genetics, Cell Biology, and Zoogeography.

These branches deal with environmental relations, development, structure, functions, form, internal gross structure, fossil tissues, ancestral history, heredity, and distribution of animals in nature.

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5
Q

What are some other branches of biology?

A

Other branches of biology include Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Marine Biology, Environmental Biology, Freshwater Biology, Parasitology, Human Biology, Social Biology, and Biotechnology.

These branches focus on various aspects such as molecular studies, marine environments, environmental impact, parasitic organisms, human biology, social interactions, and biotechnological applications.

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6
Q

Molecular Biology

A

Molecular biology is a branch of biology which deals with the structure of organisms; the cells and their organelles at molecular level.

Example: Study of DNA, RNA

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7
Q

Environmental Biology

A

Environmental Biology is the study of organisms in relation to their environment. This includes interaction between the organism and their inorganic and organic environment, especially as it relates to human activities.

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8
Q

Microbiology

A

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which include Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, and microscopic algae and fungi.

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9
Q

Freshwater Biology

A

Freshwater Biology deals with the organisms living in freshwater bodies like rivers, lakes etc and physical and chemical parameters of these water bodies.

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10
Q

Marine Biology

A

Marine Biology is the study of life in seas and oceans. This includes the study of the marine life and the physical and chemical characteristics of the sea acting as factors for marine Life.

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11
Q

Parasitology

A

Parasitology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of parasites. It includes the structure, mode of transmission, life histories, and host-parasite relationships.

Example: Bacteria, Virus

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12
Q

Human Biology

A

Human Biology deals with the study of man. This includes form and structure, function, histology, anatomy, morphology, evolution, genetics, cell biology, and ecological studies of human beings.

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13
Q

Social Biology

A

Social Biology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of social behavior and communal life of human beings.

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14
Q

Biotechnology

A

Biotechnology deals with the use of living organisms, systems or processes in manufacturing and service industries. Hundreds of chemical reactions are involved in maintaining life of even the simplest organism.

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15
Q

How many naturally occurring chemical elements are there?

A

92 naturally occurring chemical elements

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16
Q

How many elements are commonly used in forming chemical compounds for living organisms?

A

16 elements

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17
Q

What are the 16 elements used in forming chemical compounds for living organisms called?

A

bio elements

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18
Q

How many bio-elements account for 99% of the total mass in the human body?

A

six bio-elements

19
Q

What are the six commonest bio-elements that account for 99% of body mass?

A

oxygen 65%, carbon 18%, hydrogen 10%, nitrogen 3%, calcium 2%, phosphorus 1%

20
Q

What are some of the other bio elements found in the human body?

A

potassium (0.35%), sulphur (0.25%), chlorine (0.15%), sodium (0.15%), magnesium (0.05%), iron (0.004%), copper (trace), manganese (trace), zinc (trace), iodine (trace)

21
Q

What properties do bio elements have that make them appropriate as a basis for life?

A

special properties

22
Q

What is a living thing composed of?

A

highly structured living substance or protoplasm

23
Q

What do biologists study in order to understand the various phenomena of life?

A

biological organization at different levels

24
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

That part of earth inhabited by living organisms; includes both the living and the nonliving components.

Example sentence: The biosphere is essential for sustaining life on Earth.

25
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community together with its nonliving surroundings.

Example sentence: The desert ecosystem is home to various species like snakes, antelopes, and hawks.

26
Q

What is a community?

A

Two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area.

Example sentence: The community in the grassland includes snakes, antelopes, hawks, bushes, grass, rocks, and streams.

27
Q

What is a population?

A

Members of one species inhabiting in the same area.

Example sentence: Herds of Pronghorn Antelope represent a population in the grassland.

28
Q

What is a species?

A

Very similar, potentially interbreeding organisms.

Example sentence: A herd of pronghorn antelope is an example of a species.

29
Q

What is an individual or whole organism or multicellular organism?

A

An individual living thing composed of many cells.

Example sentence: The pronghorn antelope is an example of an individual or whole organism.

30
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific body function.

Example sentence: The nervous system is a vital organ system in the human body.

31
Q

What is an organ?

A

A structure normally composed of several tissue types that form a functional unit.

Example sentence: The brain is a complex organ that controls various functions in the body.

32
Q

What is tissue?

A

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Example sentence: Nervous tissue plays a crucial role in transmitting signals in the body.

33
Q

What is a cell?

A

The unit of life.

Example sentence: A nerve cell is an example of a cell.

34
Q

What is an organelle?

A

A structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

Example sentence: Mitochondrion, Chloroplast, and Nucleus are examples of organelles.

35
Q

What are micro and macromolecules?

A

A combination of atoms.

Example sentence: Water, Glucose, and DNA are examples of micro and macromolecules.

36
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Example sentence: Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen are examples of atoms.

37
Q

What are subatomic particles?

A

Particles that make up an atom.

Example sentence: Proton, Neutron, and Electron are examples of subatomic particles.

38
Q

What are the simple units that all living and nonliving matter is formed of?

A

Atoms and subatomic particles such as protons, electrons & neutrons.

Example sentence: The table is made up of atoms and subatomic particles.

39
Q

What is the stable form produced when atoms of different elements combine through ionic or covalent bonding?

A

A molecule.

Example sentence: Water (H2O) is a molecule composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

40
Q

What is an organic molecule?

A

Any molecule containing both carbon and hydrogen.

Example sentence: Glucose is an organic molecule.

41
Q

What are some important and abundant organic molecules in organisms?

A

Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, nucleotides like ATP, ADP, AMP etc.

Example sentence: Proteins are made up of amino acids.

42
Q

What are the structures formed by different micromolecules and macromolecules to create cells and organelles?

A

Cells and organelles.

Example sentence: Mitochondria are organelles responsible for energy production.

43
Q

What are groups of similar cells organized into loose sheets or bundles called?

A

Tissues.

Example sentence: Muscle tissue is responsible for movement in the body.

Bio Chp 1 (1 decks)

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