Chordate Shared Derived Traits

Question 1

Notochord

Answer 1

Chordate

Question 2

Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Answer 2

Chordate

Question 3

Pharyngeal slits or clefts

Answer 3

Chordate

Question 4

Muscular post-anal tail

Answer 4

Chordate

Question 5

Vertebral Column

Answer 5

Vertebrate

Question 6

Elaborate braincase enclosing the brain

Answer 6

Vertebrate

Question 7

Two or more sets of Hox genes

Answer 7

Vertebrate

Question 8

Neural crest cells develop along the edges of the neural tube of embryos

Answer 8

Vertebrate

Question 9

Dorsal, anal, and tail fins stiffened by fin rays along the centreline of the fish

Answer 9

Vertebrate

Question 10

Modified (complex) circulatory system

Answer 10

Vertebrate

Question 11

Opposing jaws that open and close the mouth forcefully

Answer 11

Gnathostome

Question 12

Mineralization of the skeleton, including mineralization of the teeth

Answer 12

Gnathostome

Question 13

Two pairs of lateral appendages

Answer 13

Gnathostome

Question 14

Genome duplication, including duplication of Hox genes

Answer 14

Gnathostome

Question 15

Enlarged forebrain (enhanced smell and vision)

Answer 15

Gnathostome

Question 16

Lateral line system

Answer 16

Gnathostome

Question 17

Lungs or lung derivatives

Answer 17

Osteichthyan (bony fish)

Question 18

Operculum

Answer 18

Osteichthyan (bony fish)

Question 19

Maneuverable fins

Answer 19

Osteichthyan (bony fish)

Question 20

Four limbs with feet with digits

Answer 20

Tetrapod

Question 21

Neck that allows separate movement of the head

Answer 21

Tetrapod

Question 22

Fusion of the pelvic girdle to the backbone

Answer 22

Tetrapod

Question 23

Absence of gills

Answer 23

Tetrapod

Question 24

Ears

Answer 24

Tetrapod

Question 25

Amniotic egg

Answer 25

Amniote

Question 26

Internal fertilization via an intromittent organ

Answer 26

Amniote

Question 27

Direct development into terrestrial form

Answer 27

Amniote

Question 28

Wings with keratin feathers

Answer 28

Bird

Question 29

Lightweight hollow bones

Answer 29

Bird

Question 30

Beaks that lack teeth

Answer 30

Bird

Question 31

Digestive systems adapted for flight

Answer 31

Bird

Question 32

Reduced organs

Answer 32

Bird

Question 33

Endothermic

Answer 33

Bird

Question 34

Four chambered heart and complex respiratory system

Answer 34

Bird

Question 35

Mammary glands

Answer 35

Mammal

Question 36

Hair or fur covering the body

Answer 36

Mammal

Question 37

Three middle ear bones

Answer 37

Mammal

Question 38

Endothermic

Answer 38

Mammal

Question 39

Dentary-squamosal jaw joint

Answer 39

Mammal

Question 40

Differentiated teeth

Answer 40

Mammal

Question 41

Larger brains

Answer 41

Mammal

Question 42

Viviparous development of embryo

Answer 42

Marsupial and Eutherian

Question 43

Placenta

Answer 43

Marsupial and Eutherian

Question 44

Post birth nursing on milk from nipples

Answer 44

Marsupial and Eutherian

Question 45

Complex placenta

Answer 45

Eutherian

Question 46

Hands and feet adapted for grasping

Answer 46

Primate

Question 47

Large brains and short jaws

Answer 47

Primate

Question 48

Forward looking eyes

Answer 48

Primate

Question 49

Complex social behaviour and parental care

Answer 49

Primate

Question 50

Upright posture and bipedal locomotion

Answer 50

Human

Question 51

Larger brains capable of language

Answer 51

Human

Question 52

Reduced jawbone and jaw muscles

Answer 52

Human

Question 53

Shorter digestive tract

Answer 53

Human