Chordate and Sp. Chord

Question 1

To be a chordate:

Answer 1

1. Need a notochord
2. Dorsal hollow nerve chord
3. Post anal tail
4. Iodine concentrating gland
5. Pharynx with clefts and pouches

Question 2

What is a notochord made of?

Answer 2

1) Intervertebral discs

Fibrocartilage made of annulus fibrosis

2) Squishy stuff

Nucleus pulposus

Question 3

Answer 3

Orange: annulus fibrosis

*makes up fibrocartilage

Red: nucleus pulposus

Question 4

What forms clefts and pouches in our pharynx

Answer 4

Clefts (bulge in): External acoustic meatus

Pouches (bulge out): Eustachian tube

Question 5

What are our first and second closest relatives?

Answer 5

chordates

echinoderms

Question 6

What are somites

Answer 6

Groups of mesoderm that run along dorsal side of embryo

Question 7

Typical body segment contains

Answer 7

1. Spinal cord
2. Dorsal root-sensory/afferent
3. ventral root-motor/efferent
4. Mixed spinal nerve
5. Dorsal ramus-smaller
6. ventral ramus-larger

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

3 classes of branches of Aorta

Answer 9

1) Paired to body wall
- Posterior intercostal arteries
- lumbar art
- common iliac
2) Paired to UG system
- gonadal art
- renal art
3) Unpaired to gut tube
- Esophogeal art.
- Sup. and inf. mesenteric art.
- celiac trunk

Question 10

Thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 10

Thick or thin deep fascia connective tissue that covers most skeletal muscle

Question 11

TL fascia layers

Answer 11

Posterior-covers epaxial mm

Middle

Anterior

Question 12

3 layers of ep axial muscles

Answer 12

1) Splenius (superficial)
2) Middle (make up Erector spinae)

**From middle to lateral**

• Spinalis
• longissiumus
• iliocostalis
  3) Transversospinalis
• semispinalis
• multifidus
• levator costorum mm (brevis and longus)
• rotatores
• intertransverseraii
• interspinales

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

What penetrates semispinalis capitis?

Answer 17

Greater occ nerve (dorsal ramus 2)

Occ artery

Question 18

Insertion of semispinalis cervicis

Answer 18

cervical spinal processes

Question 19

Insertion of semispinalis thoracis

Answer 19

Upper thoracic SPs

Question 20

Multifidus span how many segments

Answer 20

2-4

Question 21

Origin and insertion of rotatores

Answer 21

O: TP

I: SP

Question 22

Dorsal ramus of C2

Answer 22

Greater Occ N

Question 23

Dorsal ramus of C3

Answer 23

3rd Occ Nerve

Question 24

What forms suboccipital triangle?

Answer 24

1) Obliquus capitis superior
2) Obliquus capitis inferior
3) Rectus capitis post. major
4) Rectus capitis post. minor

Question 25

Dorsal ramus of C1

Answer 25

suboccipital N

Question 26

What innervates muscles of subocc. triangle

Answer 26

Dorsal ramus C1 (subocc. N)

Question 27

What artery travels through TPs

Answer 27

Vertebral artery

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Muscles involved in wrinkling of forehead

Answer 29

Frontalis muscle Occipitalis muscle

Question 30

Lesser Occ Nerve ramus/rami

Answer 30

Ventral rami 2 + 3

Question 31

Great auricular Nerve ramus/rami

Answer 31

Ventral rami 2 + 3

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Where does vertebral canal end

Answer 33

L2

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

What makes up cruciform ligament/cruciate ligament of axis?

Answer 36

Superior and inf. longitudinal bands. Transverse lig. of atlas

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

What connect ant and post spinal aa?

Answer 43

Segmental medullary aa.

Question 44

What arteries supply only the root and do not reach spinal arteries?

Answer 44

Radicular art.

Question 45

Answer 45

Question 46

Answer 46