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BMS460-Unit 1 > Chordate and Sp. Chord > Flashcards

Chordate and Sp. Chord Flashcards

1
Q

To be a chordate:

A
  1. Need a notochord
  2. Dorsal hollow nerve chord
  3. Post anal tail
  4. Iodine concentrating gland
  5. Pharynx with clefts and pouches
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2
Q

What is a notochord made of?

A

1) Intervertebral discs

Fibrocartilage made of annulus fibrosis

2) Squishy stuff

Nucleus pulposus

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3
Q
A

Orange: annulus fibrosis

*makes up fibrocartilage

Red: nucleus pulposus

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4
Q

What forms clefts and pouches in our pharynx

A

Clefts (bulge in): External acoustic meatus

Pouches (bulge out): Eustachian tube

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5
Q

What are our first and second closest relatives?

A

chordates

echinoderms

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6
Q

What are somites

A

Groups of mesoderm that run along dorsal side of embryo

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7
Q

Typical body segment contains

A
  1. Spinal cord
  2. Dorsal root-sensory/afferent
  3. ventral root-motor/efferent
  4. Mixed spinal nerve
  5. Dorsal ramus-smaller
  6. ventral ramus-larger
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8
Q
A
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9
Q

3 classes of branches of Aorta

A

1) Paired to body wall
- Posterior intercostal arteries
- lumbar art
- common iliac
2) Paired to UG system
- gonadal art
- renal art
3) Unpaired to gut tube
- Esophogeal art.
- Sup. and inf. mesenteric art.
- celiac trunk

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10
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia

A

Thick or thin deep fascia connective tissue that covers most skeletal muscle

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11
Q

TL fascia layers

A

Posterior-covers epaxial mm

Middle

Anterior

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12
Q

3 layers of ep axial muscles

A

1) Splenius (superficial)
2) Middle (make up Erector spinae)

**From middle to lateral**

  • Spinalis
  • longissiumus
  • iliocostalis
    3) Transversospinalis
  • semispinalis
  • multifidus
  • levator costorum mm (brevis and longus)
  • rotatores
  • intertransverseraii
  • interspinales
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13
Q
A
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14
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A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

What penetrates semispinalis capitis?

A

Greater occ nerve (dorsal ramus 2)

Occ artery

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18
Q

Insertion of semispinalis cervicis

A

cervical spinal processes

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19
Q

Insertion of semispinalis thoracis

A

Upper thoracic SPs

20
Q

Multifidus span how many segments

A

2-4

21
Q

Origin and insertion of rotatores

A

O: TP

I: SP

22
Q

Dorsal ramus of C2

A

Greater Occ N

23
Q

Dorsal ramus of C3

A

3rd Occ Nerve

24
Q

What forms suboccipital triangle?

A

1) Obliquus capitis superior
2) Obliquus capitis inferior
3) Rectus capitis post. major
4) Rectus capitis post. minor

25
Q

Dorsal ramus of C1

A

suboccipital N

26
Q

What innervates muscles of subocc. triangle

A

Dorsal ramus C1 (subocc. N)

27
Q

What artery travels through TPs

A

Vertebral artery

28
Q
A
29
Q

Muscles involved in wrinkling of forehead

A

Frontalis muscle

Occipitalis muscle

30
Q

Lesser Occ Nerve ramus/rami

A

Ventral rami 2 + 3

31
Q

Great auricular Nerve ramus/rami

A

Ventral rami 2 + 3

32
Q
A
33
Q

Where does vertebral canal end

A

L2

34
Q
A
35
Q
A
36
Q

What makes up cruciform ligament/cruciate ligament of axis?

A

Superior and inf. longitudinal bands.

Transverse lig. of atlas

37
Q
A
38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q

What connect ant and post spinal aa?

A

Segmental medullary aa.

44
Q

What arteries supply only the root and do not reach spinal arteries?

A

Radicular art.

45
Q
A
46
Q
A

BMS460-Unit 1 (2 decks)

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