Choosing the Material(s) to make stuff out of!

Question 1

What are the 2 different categories of materials?

Answer 1

Constraints and deformations

Question 2

What is a constraint?

Answer 2

A type of force/stress.

Question 3

What’s hardness?

Answer 3

Resist deformation when hit, (no scratch=very hard scratch=not hard)

Question 4

What’s resilience?

Answer 4

Resists shock and impact without fracturing/breaking, (think of a phone case=shock resistant)

Question 5

What’s ductility?

Answer 5

Pulled/stretched into a wire without breaking, (using tension)

Question 6

What’s stiffness?

Answer 6

Ability to maintain shape when different constraints are being applied, (brittle).

Question 7

What’s corrosion resistance?

Answer 7

Resists smoke, salt and chemical products, oxidation, etc, (think of rust resistance).

Question 8

Name the 5 types of constraints.

Answer 8

1. Compression
2. Tension
3. Torsion
4. Deflection
5. Shearing

Question 9

What’s compression?

Answer 9

It’s a force that squishes a material. ->

Question 10

What’s torsion?

Answer 10

It’s a force that twists a material.

Question 11

What’s deflection?

Answer 11

It’s a force that bends a material, (opposite direction).

Question 12

What’s shearing?

Answer 12

It’s a force that cuts a material, (has to be something sharp).

Question 13

What are the 3 types of deformation?

Answer 13

1. Plastic
2. Elastic
3. Fracture

Question 14

What’s elastic?

Answer 14

You don’t see anything deforming/it’ll go back to what it was, (think of rubber band).

Question 15

What’s plastic?

Answer 15

You see the deformation but it’s not broken, (basically a dent).

Question 16

What’s fracture?

Answer 16

It has to come apart/it deforms but it breaks.

Question 17

What does malleable mean?

Answer 17

Easy to shape.

Question 18

Name 2 reasons why plastics are used.

Answer 18

1. It’s malleable

2. It’s fairly cheap

Question 19

What are plastics made from?

Answer 19

Fossil fuels.

Question 20

What 2 things are plastics developed mostly of?

Answer 20

1. oil

2. gas

Question 21

What are the 2 categories of plastic?

Answer 21

1. Thermoplastics

2. Thermosetting plastics

Question 22

PLASTICS: What are thermoplastics?

Answer 22

They’re plastics that become more malleable when heated and can be molded or remolded. It will eventually harden.
Heat>recycle>new plastic

Question 23

PLASTICS: What are thermosetting plastics?

Answer 23

They’re plastics that remain permanently set when heated. They’re made by adding monomers to a mold and once it hardens it cannot be changed.

Question 24

PLASTICS: For plastics, why is it a good choice when referring to degradation?

Answer 24

Because it’s a slow process.

Question 25

PLASTICS: Why is degradation irreversible?

Answer 25

Mostly because of sun damage.

Question 26

PLASTICS: What are 2 signs of degradation with plastics?

Answer 26

1. Cracking | 2. Change in colour

Question 27

PLASTICS: what are 3 things that protect plastics from degradation?

Answer 27

1. add waterproof coating 2. add antioxidants, (carbon black) 3. add dark paint,(color) to absorb UV rays

Question 28

PLASTICS: what are 3 things that cause degradation?

Answer 28

1. Penetration of liquid, (most are waterproof) 2. Oxidation 3. Ultraviolet rays

Question 29

CERAMICS: What are inorganic compounds?

Answer 29

Metals and non metals.

Question 30

CERAMICS: How do you form ceramics?

Answer 30

When you add heat to inorganic compounds.

Question 31

CERAMICS: What happens when you add heat to inorganic compounds?

Answer 31

The water in it evaporates and the bonds between the compounds are rearranged to form ceramics.

Question 32

CERAMICS: What are the properties of Ceramics? (Name 6 things)

Answer 32

1. Low electrical conductivity 2. Hardness 3. Heat resistance 4. Low thermal conductivity 5. Resistance to corrosion 6. Resilient

Question 33

CERAMICS: what are 2 things that cause degradation?

Answer 33

1. Exposure to H2SO4 or Ca(OH)2 | 2. Thermal shock

Question 34

CERAMICS: what are 2 things that protect ceramics from degradation?

Answer 34

1. Avoid exposure to those elements | 2. Avoid exposure to extreme temperature fluctuations

Question 35

COMPOSITES: What are composites?

Answer 35

They are multiple materials that are bonded together to get a mix of properties.

Question 36

COMPOSITES: What are composites composed of? (2 things)

Answer 36

1. Reinforcement, (the skeleton) | 2. Matrix, (muscles and fat)

Question 37

COMPOSITES: what are 2 things that cause degradation?

Answer 37

1. Deformation of the matrix | 2. A lost of adherence between the matrix and the reinforcement.

Question 38

COMPOSITES: what are 2 things that protect composites from degradation?

Answer 38

1. Avoid misuse | 2. Adhere well!

Question 39

Are composites durable?

Answer 39

Yes, they're VERY durable.

Question 40

What does plastic act as?

Answer 40

Matrix>Malleable

Question 41

What does fiberglass act as?

Answer 41

Reinforcement>Resilient

Question 42

METALS&ALLOYS: what are 2 things that cause degradation?

Answer 42

1. Oxidation, (rust) | 2. Chemically alter, (due to acid, rain, salt, oxygen, etc)

Question 43

METALS&ALLOYS: what will protect metals and alloys from degradation?

Answer 43

Coating with other metals, paint, enamel(ceramic), grease, resin, antioxidants, (resistance to corrosion)

Question 44

METALS&ALLOYS: Those coatings can be applied only if the alloy contains what?

Answer 44

Iron, (to avoid rust)

Question 45

METALS&ALLOYS: What are the 2 types of heat treatments?

Answer 45

1. Quench, hardening and tempering | 2. Annealing

Question 46

METALS&ALLOYS: Whats quench hardening and tempering?

Answer 46

It's when heat treatments used on alloys cause the atoms to rearrange themselves to produce a harder steel.

Question 47

METALS&ALLOYS: What's annealing?

Answer 47

It restores the original properties the steel had before it got deformed.

Question 48

WOOD&MODIFIED WOOD: What is modified wood?

Answer 48

It's altered wood that has been mixed with other substances, (like glue).

Question 49

WOOD&MODIFIED WOOD: What are the benefits of modified wood? (Name 3 things)

Answer 49

1. Less money 2. Less wasteful 3. It's usually a harder wood

Question 50

WOOD&MODIFIED WOOD: what causes degradation?

Answer 50

Fungi, microorganisms, and insects

Question 51

WOOD&MODIFIED WOOD: what 2 things will protect woods and modified wood from degradation?

Answer 51

1. Coating it, (bugs will repel) | 2. High heat treatment, (no water which means organism won't feed off of it)