Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SBM Pharm term 1 > cholinomimetics > Flashcards

cholinomimetics Flashcards

1
Q

name two direct agonists that are receptor nonspecific

A
  • ACh

- carbachol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name three direct agonists that are muscarinics

A
  • methacholine
  • bethanechol
  • pilocarpine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name three direct agonists that are nicotinic

A
  • nicotine

- varenicline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name a short acting cholinesterase inhibitor (cholinomimetic)

A

edrophonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name two intermediate acting cholinesterase inhibitors (carbamates)

A
  • neostigmine

- physostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name five long acting cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates)

A
  • echothiophate
  • parathion
  • malathion
  • sarin
  • soman
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name a presynaptic indirect cholinomimetic

A

metoclopramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the one exception to the rule that sympathetics are stimulated by NE?

A

sympathetic sweat glands are stimulated by ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what clears ACh from blood quickly?

A

plasma pseudocholinesterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are muscarinic (M) receptors found?

A

1) effector tissues innervated by PS fibers
2) select post ganglionic sympathetic targets (sweat glands)
3) endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the expected physiological signs of muscarinic receptor agonism?

A

1) hypotension

2) paradoxical bradycardia (when there should be tachycardia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does DUMBBELSS stand for?

A 
clinical signs of muscarinic activation
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis (contraction of iris)
Bronchorrhea
Bradycardia
Emesis (increased stomach and GI tone)
Lacrimation (tearing)
Salivation
Sweating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the two nicotinic receptors and where are they found?

A

1) Nn found in all autonomic ganglia and in CNS

2) Nm found at NMJ on skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nicotinic receptors are what kind of channel?

A

ligand gated Na/K channels, depolarization triggers action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the main result of nicotine toxicity?

A

1) PSANS and SANS stimulation
2) paradoxical flaccid paralysis due to ACh inhabiting receptors for prolonged period, cannot be practically reversed, must wait for agonist to clear on its own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is methacholine used clinically?

A

1) asthma airway challenge

17
Q

how is bethanechol used? what replaced it?

A
  • was used to relieve GI dysmotility

- replaced by metoclopramide

18
Q

how is pilocarpine used clinically?

A

topically in the eye to relieve glaucoma

19
Q

what is the only direct acting nicotinic agonist aside from nicotine and what is it used for?

A

varenicline, smoking cessation

20
Q

how does varenicline work?

A
  • prevents dopamine surges (no chemical reward) and also prevents low dopamine and cravings
  • it stimulates nicotinic receptors less than nicotine does
21
Q

side effects of varenicline

A
  • suicidal thoughts

- neuropsychiatric symptoms

22
Q

how is varenicline secreted?

A

urine

23
Q

what do all ChE inhibitors block?

A

1) plasma ChE
2) AChE
3) RBC AChE

plasma ChE is inhibited first which protects AChE at first

24
Q

What are AChE inhibitor side effects?

A

DUMBBELSS, same as muscarinic agonists

25
Q

what is the major hazard of AChE inhibitor overdose?

A

respiratory inundation

1) paralysis of intercostals and diaphragm
2) increase in bronchial secretions
3) central resp arrest

26
Q

what is the chemical significance of short acting AChE inhibitors?

A

they are competitive inhibitors and do not form ester bonds to AChE

27
Q

edrophonium cross BBB?

A

no

28
Q

edrophonium how given?

A

IV or IM

29
Q

edrophonium half life

A

extremely short (minutes)

30
Q

how is edrophonium used clinically?

A

to Dx myasthenia gravis, patients notice rapid increase in muscle strength

31
Q

physostigmine cross BBB?

A

yes

32
Q

clinical use of physostigmine

A

occasionally used to treat CNS signs of muscarinic blockers

33
Q

neostigmine cross BBB?

A

no, because designed with quaternary ammonium group

34
Q

clinical use of neostigmine?

A
  • myasthenia gravis

- treatment is an exercise in brinksmanship

35
Q

echothiophate clinical use

A

was used to treat narrow angle glaucoma but largely replaced

36
Q

malathion and parathion

A

insecticides

37
Q

sarin and soman

A

nerve gas, weapons of mass destruction

38
Q

how would we treat organophosphate poisoning?

A
  • muscarinic blockers such as atropine to manage DUMBBELSS/SLUDGE
  • pralidozime (2-PAM) is the antidote
39
Q

how is carbachol classified?

A

receptor non-specific direct acting cholinomimetic

SBM Pharm term 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions