Cholinergics

Question 1

Pilocarpine

Answer 1

Muscarinic agonist, used for glaucoma, contracts cilliary muscle and iris sphincter. (Carbachol)

Question 2

Bethanicol

Answer 2

Muscarinic agonist, used to treat urinary retention

Question 3

Atropine

Answer 3

Muscarinic Antagonist, non selective, resuscitation by increasing heart rate

Question 4

Darifenacin

Answer 4

Muscarinic Antagonist, Suppresses contraction of urinary bladder. Selective for M3

Question 5

Tolterodine

Answer 5

Muscarinic Antagonist, Suppresses contraction of urinary bladder.

Question 6

Nicotine

Answer 6

nicotinic agonist, only used to treat nicotine dependance

Question 7

Varenicline

Answer 7

partial nicotinic agonist, only used to treat nicotine dependance (Champix)

Question 8

Hexamethonium

Answer 8

Nicotinic agonist, ganglionic blocker, not used because dangerous cardiac side effects

Question 9

Vecuronium

Answer 9

Non-depolarising blocking agents, Nicotinic muscular junction blocker, Competitive antagonist, has tetanic fade, used alongisde anasthesia

Question 10

Succinylcholine

Answer 10

Depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent, muscle twitching at onset, used in emergency intubation

Question 11

Botulinum toxin (BOTOX®)

Answer 11

Blocks vesicle endocytosis, light chains of botox stop the formation of snare proteins that usually guide vesicles to fuse with membrane and exocytose. Used in lazy eye, excessive muscle twitching (dystonia), excessive sweating and can be used for overactive bladder.

Question 12

Neostigmine

Answer 12

Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor, inhibits AChesterase to allow any muscle excitation to proceed. Treats Myasthenia gravis

Question 13

Physostigmine

Answer 13

Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor, rarely used for glaucoma