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Pharm Block 10 > Cholinergics > Flashcards

Cholinergics Flashcards

1
Q

Referred to the involuntary nervous system

A

ANS

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2
Q

Involved in the voluntary controlled functions such as the contraction of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

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3
Q

Important in reflex regulation of the ANS, examples include the baroreceptor reflex and emotional stimuli

A

Afforestation neurons

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4
Q

Pre and postganglionic neurons

A

Efferent neurons

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5
Q

Preganglionic cell body located within

A

CNS

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6
Q

Where do preganglionic cells emerge

A

From the brain stem or spinal cord and make a synaptic connection in a ganglia, these ganglia function as relates between the presynaptic neuron and a second neuron

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7
Q

Cell body originates in the ganglia

A

Postganglionc neurons

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8
Q

Is nonmyleinated and terminates on effector organs

A

Postganglionic neuron

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9
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise from

A

Thoracolumbar regions of spinal cord

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10
Q

Parasympathetic neurons arise from what

A

Cranial sacral
(CN III, VII, IX, X)
(S2-4)

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11
Q

Where do muscarinic agonists work

A

-various organs in the body

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12
Q

Is a muscarinic agonist symp or parasympathetic like

A

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

What is the exception to the muscarinic agonists being parasympathetic like

A

Sweat glands.

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14
Q

Effect of muscarinic agonist on eyes

A

Constrict

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15
Q

Muscarinic agonist effect on heart

A

Bradycardia

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16
Q

Muscarinic agonist effect on lungs

A

Bronchoconstriion

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17
Q

Muscarinic agonist affect on GI

A

Increased gut motility

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18
Q

Muscarinic agonist affect on urinary

A

Increased motility of urinary

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19
Q

Muscarinic agonist affect on sweat glands

A

Will cause sweating

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20
Q

Side effects of muscarinic agonists

A

Sweating, diarrhea

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21
Q

Is muscarinic antagonist more symp like or parasympathetic like

A

Sympathetic

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22
Q

Effect of muscarinic antagonist on eye

A

Dilate

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23
Q

Affect of muscarinic antagonist on heart

A

Increased HR

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24
Q

Affect of muscarinic antagonist on the lungs

A

Bronchodilate

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25
Q

Affect of muscarinic antagonist on GI

A

Decreased motility

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26
Q

Affect of muscarinic antagonist on sweat glands

A

Stop sweating

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27
Q

Side effects of muscarinic antagonists

A

Anhydrosis, hyperthermia, red flush

28
Q

Parasympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurons

A

Ganglia close to organ, long preganglionic neuron, short postganglionic neuron

29
Q

What systems do the parasmypathic nervous system affect

A

Cardiac, smooth muscle, gland cells, and nerve terminals

30
Q

Sympathetic neurons length

A

Ganglion located next to spine, short preganglionic, long postganglionic

31
Q

What is the receptor and NT for ALL first synapse of the pre and postganglionic neurons, not matter what system it is

A

Nn and Ach

32
Q

What is the terminal receptor and NT for parasympathetic

A

Muscarinic

Ach

33
Q

What is the terminal receptor and NT for sweat glands

A

They are sympathetic, but the receptor is muscarinic and the NT is Ach

34
Q

What is the terminal receptor and NT for sympathetic for most of the places

A

Alpha or beta

NE

35
Q

What is the terminal receptor and NT for sympathetic in renal vaculature

A

Dopaminergic receptors and D1

36
Q

What is the terminal receptor and NT for the adrenal medulla

A

The preganglionic synapses directly onto the adrenal medulla and it releases epi and NE into the blood directly

37
Q

What is a neurohumoral organ and what does it do

A

Adrenal medulla sends epi into the blood which signals the whole system to activate sympathetic

38
Q

What is the difference between Nn and Nm receptors

A

Nm is on the NMJ

The rest are Nn (all preganglionic synapses)

39
Q

Do all pathways have cholinergic?

A

All pathways have cholinergic, but parasympathetic has 2 cholinergics (Nn and Nm)

40
Q

Are sweat glands sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic

41
Q

Why are sweat glands unusual?

A

They are sympathetic but they have 2 cholinergic receptors. Terminal is muscarinic and Ach

42
Q

Adrenergic sympathetic

A

Synthesize and release NE onto alpha and beta

43
Q

Somatic neurons

A

Single nerve, skeletal muscle contraction, Na/K ion channels, rapid

44
Q

Functions of sympathetic

A
  • functions as complete system because of NE
  • fight or flight
  • not essential for life
45
Q

Which system is not essential for life

A

Sympathetic

46
Q

Function of parasympathetic

A
  • maintains essential bodily functions
  • is required for life
  • rest and digest
47
Q

Which system is essential for life

A

Parasympathetic

48
Q

Role of the CNS in autonomic control of Viscera

A 
Reflex response
-baroreceptors 
-does not involve consciousness
Strong emotion
- rage
-fear
-pleasure
49
Q

How does strong emotion affect the ANS

A

It activates both the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. Reason why you get so scared you shit your pants

50
Q

Dual innervation of the ANS

A

Most organs are innervated by both. Parasympathetic controls us, dominate system. Only sympathetic dominate when they are the only system present

51
Q

Oranges receiving only sympathetic innervation

A

Blood vessels
Adrenal medulla
Sweat glands

52
Q

Sympathetic actions of eye

A

Contraction of iris radial muscle (dilate)

53
Q

Parasympathetic actions of eye

A
  • contraction of iris sphincter muscle (constrict)

- contraction of ciliary muscle (accommodates)

54
Q

Sympathetic function of lungs

A

Dilates

55
Q

Parasympathetic functions of lungs

A

Constrictis, increases secretions

56
Q

Sympathetic action of heart

A

Increased HR, increased contractility

57
Q

Parasympathetic action of heart

A

Decreased rate and contractility

58
Q

Sympathetic action of blood vessels (skeletal muscles)

A

Dilation

59
Q

Sympathetic action of blood vessels in skin, mucus membranes, and splanchnic

A

Constriction

60
Q

How are neurons communicating

A

NT

61
Q

Types of NT

A

-ACh, NE, Epi

62
Q

Neurons which release acetylcholine are termed

A

Cholinergic

63
Q

NT of adrenal medulla

A

ACh

64
Q

If NE or epi is the NT, the fiber is called

A

Adrenergic

65
Q

Mediates the transmission of nerve impulses from autonomic postganglionic nerves to effector organs

A

NE and Epi

66
Q

Nerves cant make

A

Epi

67
Q

Adrenal does what to NE

A

Turns it into epi and puts it into the blood stream

Epi goes everywhere

Pharm Block 10 (6 decks)

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