Cholinergic agents

Question 1

They occupy
receptor sites for ACh on the membranes of the
effector cells of the postganglionic cholinergic nerves,
causing increased stimulation of the cholinergic
recepto

Answer 1

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists

Question 2

act at cholinergic receptors
in the peripheral nervous system to mimic the effects of ACh and
parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 2

The direct-acting cholinergic agonists

Question 3

parasympathetic effects of direct-acting cholinergic agonists

Answer 3

Slowed heart
rate and decreased myocardial contractility,
Vasodilation, Bronchoconstriction and increased
bronchial mucus secretion,
Increased GI activity
and secretions, increased bladder tone,
relaxation of GI and bladder sphincters, and
pupil constriction.

Question 4

These drugs usually stimulate muscarinic receptors within
the parasympathetic system.

Answer 4

Direct -Acting Cholinergic
Agonist

Question 5

are similar to
Ach and react directly with receptor sites to cause the
same reaction as if Ach had stimulated the receptor sites.

Answer 5

Direct -Acting Cholinergic
Agonist

Question 6

Drugs belong to this class: Direct -Acting Cholinergic
Agonist

Answer 6

1. Bethanechol (Duvoid,
   Urecholine)
2. Carbachol (Miostat)
3. Cevimeline (Evoxac)
4. pilocarpine (Pilocar, Salagen)

Question 7

Contraindications Direct -Acting Cholinergic
Agonist

Answer 7

Patients with hypersensitivity to any component of the
drug
–Peptic ulcer, intestinal obstruction, or recent GI
surgery
-Asthma
-Bladder obstruction or impaired healing of sites from
recent bladder surgery
-Epilepsy and parkinsonism
-g pregnancy and
lactation

Question 8

Drug to Drug Interaction Direct -Acting Cholinergic
Agonist

Answer 8

increased risk of cholinergic effects if combined or given with acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors, such as neostigmine or tacrine

Question 9

These drugs work
at all ACh receptors, in the parasympathetic nervous
system, in the central nervous system (CNS), and at the
neuromuscular junction.

Answer 9

Indirect -Acting Cholinergic
Agonist

Question 10

reversible indirect-acting cholinergic agonists fall
into two main categories:

Answer 10

: (1) agents used to treat
myasthenia gravis and (2) agents used to treat Alzheimer
disease.

Question 11

a chronic muscular
disease caused by a defect in neuromuscular
transmission. It is thought to be an
autoimmune disease in which patients make
antibodies to their ACh receptors

Answer 11

Agents for Myasthenia Gravis

Question 12

do not react
directly with ACh receptor sites; instead, they react
chemically with acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft
to prevent it from breaking down ACh.

Answer 12

Indirect -Acting Cholinergic
Agonist

Question 13

Drugs belong to Agents for
Myasthenia Gravis :

Answer 13

1. Ambenonium (Mytelase)
2. Edrophonium (Tensilon,
   Enlon)
3. Neostigmine (Prostigmine)
4. Pyridostigmine (Regonol,
   Mestinon)

Question 14

a progressive disorder
involving neural degeneration in the cortex that leads
to a marked loss of memory and of the ability to carry
on activities of daily living.

Answer 14

Alzheimer disease

Question 15

Drugs belong toAgents for Alzheimer
Disease:

Answer 15

1. Tacrine (Cognex)
2. Galantamine (Razadyne)
3. Rivastigmine (Exelon)
4. Donepezil (Aricept)