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CHO Flashcards

1
Q

Glyceraldehyde is ….

A

Aldotrioses

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2
Q

Dihydroxyacetone is …….

A

Ketotrioses

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3
Q

Glyceraldehyde is monosaccharides containing 5 carbon atoms (T or F)

A

F containing 3 carbon atoms

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4
Q

Duhydroxyacetone is monosaccharide containing 7 carbo atoms (T or F)

A

F 3 carbon atoms

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5
Q

Erythrose is ….

A

Aldotetroses

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6
Q

Erythrulose is ….

A

Ketotetroses

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7
Q

The erythrose is containing …… carbon atoms

A

4

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8
Q

Give an examples about aldopentoses.

A

Ribose
Arabinose
Xylose
Lyxose

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9
Q

Give an examples about ketopentoses.

A

Ribulose

Xylulose

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10
Q

The ribose is an example on…..

A

Aldopentoses

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11
Q

Arabinose is an example on …..

A

Aldopentoses

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12
Q

Xylose is an example on ….

A

Aldopentoses

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13
Q

Lyxose is an example in ….

A

Aldopentoses

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14
Q

Ribulose is an example on …

A

Ketotpentose

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15
Q

Xylulose is an example on…..

A

Ketotpentoses

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16
Q

It is enter in the structure of nucleic acid RNA and DNA

A

Ribose and deoxyribose

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17
Q

Enters in the structure of high energy phosphate compounds (ATP, GTP)

A

Ribose

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18
Q

Enters in the structure of coenzymes NAD, NADP and flavoproteins.

A

Ribose

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19
Q

Are constitueunts of glycoprotien in plant and animal cell.

A

Arabinose and xylose

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20
Q

Is constituent of lyxoflavin isolated in human heart muscle.

A

Lyxose

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21
Q

Glocuse is …

A

Aldohexos

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22
Q

Galactose is ….

A

Aldohexos

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23
Q

Mannose is ….

A

Aldohexose

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24
Q

Give an examples on aldohexose.

A

Glucose
Galactose
Mannose

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25
Q

Fructose is….

A

Ketohexose

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26
Q

The major source of energy in mammals

A

Glucose

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27
Q

Tha main suger in semen.

A

Fructose

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28
Q

Is essential for synthesis of lactose in lactating mammary glands to make milk suger

A

Galactose

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29
Q

It present as constituent of many glycoproteins

30
Q

Is formed in hexose monophosphate shunt.

A

Sedoheptulose

31
Q

Is asymmetric carbon atom obtained from active carbonyl suger group, carbon number 1 in aldoses and carbon number 2 in ketoses

A

Anomeric carbon

32
Q

Are isomers obtained from the change of position of hydroxyl attached to the anomeric carbon

33
Q

If the remaining -OH is on the right side it is …….

A

Alpha-suger

34
Q

Cyclic structure of sugers may be present in the form of haworth

A

Haworth form

35
Q

…..% of glucopyranose are present as a-form

36
Q

Are suger in which one of the hydroxyl groups gas been replaced by hydrogen atom

A

Deoxysugers e.g. Deoxyribose

37
Q

Monosaccharids, both aldoses and ketoses may be reduced at carbonyl carbon to the corresponding alcohols.

A

Suger alcohols

38
Q

Glucose reduced to……

39
Q

Mannose reduced to ……

40
Q

Fructose reduced to ……

A

Mannitol or sorbitol.

41
Q

What are the classification of suger acids?

A

1 -Aldonic acids.
2- Uronic acid.
3-Aldaric acid.

42
Q

Oxidation of carbonyl carbon to carboxylic group gives ….

Give an ex.

A

Aldonic acid

E.g. glucose is oxidized into gluconic acid.

43
Q

Oxidation of last hydroxyl carbon will give …..

A

Uronic acid

44
Q

Dicarboxylic acids produced by oxidation of both carbonyl group and last hydroxyl group into carboxylic group.

A

Alderic acid.

45
Q

What is the general formula of Disaccharides?

A

Cn(H2O)n-1

46
Q

What are the most important disaccharides?

A 
1-maltose 
2- isomaltose
3-cellobiose
4-lactose
5-sucrose
47
Q

Maltose is formed of ……………….. linked by ………….bond

A

2 a-glucose molecules

a-1-4 glycosidic bond

48
Q

Produced during digestion of starch by amylase enzyme

49
Q

Containing free carbonyl (aldehyde) group, so it is reducing suger.

50
Q

Is formed of 2 a- glucose molecules linked by a- 1-6glycosidic bond.

A

Isomaltose

51
Q

Is formed of B- glucose + B-galactose linked by B1-4 linkage

52
Q

Lactose formed of ……….+………. linked by……..

A

B- glucose+B-galactose

By B 1-4 linkage

53
Q

Sucrose is formed of …….+………. linked by……….

A

a- glucose + B- fructose

Linked by a1-B2 glycosidic bond

54
Q

Suger have no free carbonyl group, not reducing suger.

55
Q

Derived from cellulose hydrolysis

A

Cellobiose

56
Q

Cellobiose is formed od …………. linked by ………..

A

2 B-glucose

Linked by B 1-4 glycosidic bond

57
Q

Composed of one type of monosaccharide

A

Homopolysaccharide

58
Q

Made up of different type of monosaccharides

A

Heteropolysaccharides

59
Q

The inner layer of starch is ….

60
Q

Inner layer of starch constitutes ……..% of granule and formed of ……………. of glucose units linked by ………….

A

15-20%
Non branching helical stracture
a-1-4 glycosidic bonds.

61
Q

Outer layer of starch is ………… which constitute ………..of granule and formed of ……….. . Each chain is composed of ………….. units linked by …………and ……….at the …….

A 
Amylopectin
80-85%
Branched chains
24-30 glucose units
a 1-4 and a 1-6 glycosidic bond
The branching point
62
Q

………… is Highly branched chain homopolysaccharides.

63
Q

The major form of stractural carbohydrates in plant, in plant cell walls
Linear polymer of B- glycopyranose linked by B 1-4 glucosidic linkage.

64
Q

All GAGs are extracellular except …….

65
Q

All GAGs are contain sulfur except ……

A

Hyaluronic acid

66
Q

All GAGs contain uronic acid except

A

Keratan sulfate

67
Q

The most abundant GAGs in synovial fluid, vitreous humor of eyes and extracellula matrix of loose connective tissue.

A

Hyaluronic acid

68
Q

It is present in cartilage, bone, heart valves.

A

Chondroitin sulphate

69
Q

Highly acidic anticoagulant

70
Q

Present in sclera of eye and important for overall shape of eyes

A

Dermatan sulphate

71
Q

It is a minor constituents of proteoglycans.

A

Keratan sulphate.

72
Q

Are long unbranched polysaccharides containing a repeated disaccharide units

Biochemistry (2 decks)

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