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Biology: 5.2.1 Photosynthesis > chloroplasts > Flashcards

chloroplasts Flashcards

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1
Q

what are chloroplasts

A

small, flattened organelles in plant cells used for photosynthesis

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2
Q

what is the double membrane structure of chloroplasts called

A

chloroplast envelope

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3
Q

how are grana formed

A

thylakoids stacking together

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4
Q

how are grana linked together

A

by bits of the thylakoid membrane called lamellae

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5
Q

what are photosynthetic pigments

A

coloured substances that absorb light energy needed for photosynthesis

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6
Q

where are photosynthetic pigments found

A

thylakoid membranes attached to proteins

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7
Q

what two types of pigments does a photosystem contain

A

primary and accessory pigments

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8
Q

what are primary pigments

A

reaction centres where electrons become excited

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9
Q

what are accessory pigments

A

make up light-harvesting systems

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10
Q

what are light harvesting systems

A

surround reaction centres and transfer light energy to them to boost the energy available to excite electrons

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11
Q

what wavelength does photosystem 1 best absorb light

A

700nm

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12
Q

what wavelength does photosystem 2 best absorb light

A

680nm

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13
Q

what is the stroma

A

surrounds the thylakoids, contains enzymes, sugars and organic acids

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14
Q

what DNA is in a chloroplast

A

circular

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15
Q

what happens to excess carbohydrates

A

stored as starch grains in the stroma

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16
Q

what is an example of a primary pigment

A

chlorophyll A

17
Q

what is an example of an accessory pigment

A

chlorophyll B

18
Q

what colour is chlorophyll A

A

green/ blue

19
Q

what colour is chlorophyll B

A

yellow / green

20
Q

what colour are carotenoids

A

orange

21
Q

what colour are xanthophylls

A

yellow

22
Q

how do leaves obtain the maximum amount of light energy

A

have different proportions of each pigment, all absorbing different wavelengths of light

Biology: 5.2.1 Photosynthesis (3 decks)

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