Chloes Stuff Flashcards
How do you calculate systemic vascular resistance,
Systolic - diastolic
How do you calculate mean arterial pressure?
CO x SVR
How many marks do you get for eyes on GCS?
4
How many marks do you get for verbal on GCS?
5
How many marks do you get for motor on GCS?
6
In anaesthetics which drug would you use to treat a low BP and low HR?
Phenylepherine
Meteraminol
In anaesthetics which drug would you use to treat low BP and high HR?
Ephedrine
How do you treat hyperkalaemia?
Calcium gluconate
Insulin and dextrose
What is the triad seen in haemolytic uraemic syndrome?
Acute renal failure
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
What is haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with?
Ecoli 157 gastroenteritis
In sepsis of unknown origin what antibiotics are given?
cefuroxime and metronidazole
In a massive PE what symptoms might the patient get?
Syncope Cyanosis Hypotension Cardiac arrest Angina
What is the treatment for a PE?
Low molecular weight heparin or fondiparinux
Warfarin for 6 months
When would you consider unfractionated heparin over LMWH in PE?
Renal failure
Increased risk of bleeding
Massive PE - also think thrombolysis
When do you stop LMWH therapy after a PE?
After 5 days or when INR is 2-3
What are the risk factors for post operative nausea and vomiting?
Female Non smoker Motion sickness Post op opioids Previous episode
What anti emetics can be given to prevent PONV?
Ondansetron
Dexamethasone
Metaclopeimide
Droperidol
How does Ondansetron work?
Seretonin agonist
What dose of Ondansetron is given?
4-8mg
8 hourly
What anti emetic is best in preganacy?
Cyclazine
What is the difference between the Rosier scale and ABCD2 score?
Rosier to assess whether they have had a stroke
ABCD2 to give the likelyhood of a subsequent stroke after TIA
What drugs are given long term after a stroke/TIA?
Anti hypertensives
Aspirin 2 weeks
Clopidogrel - 4 life
Statin
What proceedure can be done after TIA if indicated?
Carotid endarterectomy
How quickly do you have to use thrombolysis in a stroke?
Within 4.5 hours
What are the indications for an immediate CT head with stroke?
Indications for thrombolysis If you suspect a bleed - on anticoagulants - known bleeding tendency - reduced GCS - headache
Why are clear carbonated drinks not allowed before surgery?
They decrease LOS tone
How long can a pt chew gum before an operation?
2 hours
How many hours before surgery are you allowed clear water/ juice?
2 hours
What are the 4 catagories in the CEPOD classification?
Emergency
Urgent
Scheduled
Elective
What is the difference between scheduled surgery and elective?
Scheduled is decided within days, elective can be done to suit the patient and the hospital
What ASA grade would someone be with well controlled asthma or hypertension?
Grade 2
Mild/ moderate disease with no functional limitation
What ASA grade would someone be if they had unstable angina?
Grade 4
Constant threat to life
What grade of surgery would an emergency laparotomy be?
4 (major)
What grade of surgery would a knee arthroscopy be?
2 (intermediate)
What grade of surgery would an #nof fixation?
3 (major)
How high does the ST elevation need to be?
2 mm in chest leads
1 mm in limb leads
Where is the MI?
ST elevation in
V1-4
Anterior
Where is the MI?
ST elevation in
II, III, aVF
Inferior
Where is the MI?
ST elevation in
V5-6, I and AVL
Lateral
What does a LBBB look like?
Widened QRS complex
William in V1 and V6
What is mydriasis?
Dilated pupils
What are pathological Q waves a sign of?
Previous MI
What do pathological Q waves generally look like?
They are either wider or deeper than normal
Does tazocin contain penicillin?
YES
Does augmentin contain penicillin?
What is it also called?
YES
Coamoxiclav
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary pneumothorax?
Primary - in healthy people
Secondary - underlying lung disease
What is a catamenial pneumothorax?
A spontaneous pneumothorax in women which is related to mentruation (endometriosis)
Who are the only patients with a pneumothorax who you might consider discharging from A&E?
Primary pneumothroax which is less than 2 cm (before or after drainage) with no breathlessness
Can see them in OPC in a few weeks
Does a positive base excess show acidosis or alkalosis?
It shows alkalosis (too mush base)
You see red cell casts in the urine, what might your diagnosis be?
Glomerulonephritis
What is the only absolute contraindication to ECT?
Raised ICP
