Chlamydia Flashcards by Gillian Charisse Abonal

What phylum do Chlamydia and Chlamydophila belong to?

Phylum IX (wall-less forms)

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What family do Chlamydia and Chlamydophila belong to?

Chlamydiaceae

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What type of bacteria are Chlamydiae?

Non-motile, Gram-negative, pleomorphic, obligate intracellular parasites

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How do Chlamydiae replicate?

in host cells thru unique developmental cycle

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What are the 2 developmental forms of Chlamydia?

1.) Infectious elementary bodies
2.) Intracytoplasmic reticulate bodies

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Which phase of Chlamydia’s life cycle do dormant elementary bodies are taken up by host cells via phagocytosis?

Phase 1

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Which phase of Chlamydia’s life cycle do elementary bodies begin metabolic activity and form intracytoplasmic inclusions?

Phase 2

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Which phase of Chlamydia’s life cycle do elementary bodies transform into non-infectious reticulate bodies that replicate via binary fission?

Phase 3

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Which phase of Chlamydia’s life cycle do reticulate bodies revert to infectious elementary bodies, which are released upon host cell lysis?

Phase 4

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What is the genus-specific antigen in Chlamydiae?

lipopolysaccharide (LPS) w/ ketodeoxyoctanoic acid (reactive moiety)

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Do Chlamydiae produce toxins?

LPS (lipid A portion) is not endotoxic

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What do elementary bodies produce that reticulate bodies do not?

Hemagglutinins

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Where do Chlamydiae infect?

Mucous membranes of respiratory & gastrointestinal tracts

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How is Chlamydiae shed?

in secretions/feces

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How is Chlamydiae transmitted? (3)

inhalation
ingestion
contact

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What type of immunity is involved in chlamydial infection?

Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity

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What virulence factor of Chlamydia triggers inflammatory responses?

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

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What is CPAF? This degrades host transcription factors and evades T-cell detection.

Chlamydial protease-like activity factor

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What are the 2 functions of Type III secretion apparatus in Chlamydia?

injects effectors into host cytosol
possibly secretes CPAF

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes the following diseases?

avian chlamydiosis
bovine abortion
human psittacosis

Chlamydophila psittaci

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes the following diseases?

sporadic bovine encephalitis (young cattle)
polyarthritis
pneumonia
diarrhea

Chlamydophila pecorum

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes the following diseases?

enzootic abortion in sheep & goats
abortion in cattle & pigs

Chlamydophila abortus

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes Intestinal Infections in Pigs.

Chlamydophila suis

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes Inclusion Conjunctivitis in Guinea Pigs?

Chlamydophila caviae

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes respiratory infections in humans and animals (horses, koalas)?

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes Feline Pneumonitis (Conjunctivitis)?

Chlamydophila felis

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes the following human diseases? Trachoma Inclusion Conjunctivitis Lymphogranuloma Venereum Genital Infections

Chlamydophila trachomatis

Which Chlamydophila sp. causes respiratory infections in mice?

Chlamydia muridarum

Which disease in Avians presents the following symptoms? * ocular/nasal discharge * sinusitis * conjunctivitis * weakness * splenomegaly * hepatitis

Avian Chlamydiosis

How is Avian Chlamydiosis diagnosed? (3) GEP

1.) Giemsa-stained smears 2.) ELISA 3.) paired serum (CFT, latex agglutination)

What is the treatment for Avian Chlamydiosis? (3)

for 5–6 weeks in pet birds 1.) Tetracycline 2.) Chloramphenicol 3.) Enrofloxacin

What lesions are seen in Enzootic Abortion of Ewes?

* placentitis w/ cotyledonary necrosis * red-brown intercotyledonary exudate

How is Enzootic Abortion diagnosed? (4) SIEC

1.) Stained placental smears 2.) Isolation in embryonated eggs 3.) ELISA 4.) CFT

What is the treatment and control for Enzootic Abortion? (3)

1.) segregate infected animals 2.) tetracycline 3.) vaccination (bacterins)

What disease in young cattle is caused by C. pecorum and present the following clinical signs? Meningoencephalitis Fibrinous Pericarditis Pleuritis Peritonitis

Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis (SBE)

How is SBE diagnosed? (3) SFH

1.) smear/culture of brain & serous tissues 2.) four-fold rise in CFT titer 3.) histopathology

What is the treatment for SBE?

high doses of tetracycline or tylosin if early

What is the main symptom of Feline Pneumonitis in kittens?

Follicular conjunctivitis w/ purulent discharge

How is Feline Pneumonitis diagnosed in kittens? (2)

1.) Conjunctival scrapings (Giemsa/Gimenez/FA stains) 2.) ELISA

Treatment for Feline Pneumonitis in kittens? (3)

1.) Tetracycline (local/systemic) 2.) chloramphenicol 3.) enrofloxacin

What is the prevention for Feline Pneumonitis in kittens?

chicken embryo vaccine

What 3 conditions does Chlamydia cause in Cattle?

infertility, abortion, polyarthritis

What condition does Chlamydia cause in Horses?

Respiratory infections

What 3 conditions does Chlamydia cause in Sheep?

conjunctivitis intestinal infection stiff lamb disease

What 2 conditions does Chlamydia cause in Pigs?

intestinal infection abortion

What condition does Chlamydia cause in Goats?

Respiratory infection

What condition does Chlamydia cause in Koalas?

Conjunctivitis