Chlamydia Flashcards
What is the definition of chlamydia?
A common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis.
What age group has the highest incidence of chlamydia?
15-24 year olds
How is chlamydia transmitted?
Via condomless vaginal, anal, or oral sex
What type of bacterium is chlamydia trachomatis?
Gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium
What is the pathophysiology of chlamydia?
Infects columnar epithelial cells at mucosal sites
What is the incubation period for chlamydia?
7-21 days after exposure
How does chlamydia typically present in a woman?
Symptoms:
Asymptomatic (70-85%)
Abnormal vaginal discharge (odourless/yellow)
Dysuria
Intermenstrual/postcoital bleeding
Deep dyspareunia/pelvic pain
Signs:
Cervicitis +/- contact bleeding
Mucopurulent endocervical discharge
Pelvic tenderness
Cervical excitation
How does chlamydia typically present in a man?
Symptoms:
Asymptomatic (50%)
Urethritis (dysuria, urethral discharge)
Epididymo-orchitis (testicular pain)
Signs:
Epididymal tenderness
Mucopurulent discharge
What are some differentials for chlamydia?
Gonorrhoea
PID
Bacterial vaginosis
Mycoplasma infection
What are some investigations for chlamydia?
NAAT
-Women = vulvo-vaginal swab (1st choice)
-Men = first catch urine sample (1st choice)
What is the management of chlamydia?
First line: doxycycline 100mg BD x 1 week
Second line: azithromycin 1G stat followed by 500mg daily for 2 days
Contact tracing
What are some complications of chlamydia?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Epididymitis
Reactive arthritis
Conjunctivitis and pneumonia in neonates
Increased risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV
Infertility
