Chiroptera (Bats) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a patagium?

A

2 layers of thin membrane from shoulder to digits (except 1) of forelimb and distal hindlimb

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2
Q

Describe forelimb

A

short humerus
long radius/ ulna
very long digits, 1 is clawed

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3
Q

Describe hindlimb

A

5 clawed toes

leg bones rotated 180 degrees

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4
Q

Distinguish between bird and bat skeletons

A

Birds support wing with 2nd digit whereas bats support wing with digits 2-5

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5
Q

Why fly? Why nocturnal?

A
  • forage widely and rapidly to escape terrestrial predators
  • can access food with less competition
  • conserve water/ energy by being active during cooler part of day
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6
Q

Why does bat diversity decrease with latitude?

A
  • bats evolved in tropical forests
  • small body size, large body SA- therefore heat and water loss via radiation
  • warm surroundings reduce heat loss and tropical enviros have plenty of water to compensate for water loss
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7
Q

2 bat families

A

1) Megachiroptera

2) Microchiroptera

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8
Q

Describe key features of megachiroptera

A
  • digit 2 clawed
  • NO membrane from hindlimb to tail
  • primary flower and fruit eating
  • vision and smell for foraging
  • simple dentition and GI tract
  • DO NOT USE ECHOLOCATION
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9
Q

Describe key features of microchiroptera

A
  • digit 2 NOT CLAWED
  • membrane from hindlimb to tail
  • varied dental and digestive anatomy
  • USE ECHOLOCATION, with reflections collected by large pinnae
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10
Q

What is a tragus?

A

small cartilaginous flap in front of external ear opening to increase directional sensitivity

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