Chiro Essentials Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal pain blue gum line and constipation indicates?
A
Lead poisoning
2
Q
Abdominal pain and tenderness in the right iliac fossa indicates?
A
Appendicitis
3
Q
Abdominal pain following an alcoholic binge indicates?
A
Pancreatitis
4
Q
Abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa and diarrhea indicates?
A
Crohn’s disease
5
Q
Abdominal pain in the left iliac fossa blood in stool in a young female indicates?
A
Ulcerative colitis
6
Q
Abdominal pain in the left iliac fossa blood in stool in an older male indicates?
A
Diverticulitis
7
Q
Abdominal pain splenomegaly in a black child indicates?
A
Sickle Cell
8
Q
Adrenal hemmorrhage and shock indicates?
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
9
Q
Amenorrhea no lactation after postpartum hemorrhage indicates?
A
Sheehan’s syndrome
10
Q
Arachnodactyly lens dislocation hyper-mobile joints indicates?
A
Marfan’s disease
11
Q
Argyll-Robertson pupil aortic aneurysm and angina pectoris indicates?
A
Tertiary syphilis
12
Q
Ataxia heart problems and scoliosis indicates?
A
Friedreich’s disease
13
Q
Beefy red tongue and fatigue indicates?
A
Vitamin B12 deficiency
14
Q
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and erythema nodosum indicates?
A
Sarcoidosis
15
Q
Bilateral ptosis diploplia and difficulty chewing found in females indicates?
A
Myasthenia Gravis
16
Q
Bitot’s spots in the eye indicates?
A
Vitamin A deficiency
17
Q
Bladder or bowel control problem indicates?
A
cauda equina syndrome
18
Q
Bleeding swollen gums indicates?
A
Scurvy
19
Q
Blue lips swollen ankles and dyspnea indicates?
A
Chronic bronchitis
20
Q
Blue sclera and frequent fractures as an infant indicates?
A
osteogenesis imperfecta
21
Q
Bone pain head enlargement and deafness indicates?
A
Paget’s Disease of bone
22
Q
Bronze skin cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus indicates?
A
Hemochromatosis
23
Q
Buffalo hump obesity and purplish abdominal striae indicates?
A
Cushing’s syndrome
24
Q
Buboes in the groin sign of the groove indicates?
A
Lymphogranuloma venereum
25
Bull's eye rash indicates?
Lyme disease
26
Butterfly rash and multiple painful joints in a young female indicates?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
27
Cafe-au-lait spots and skin nodules indicates?
Neurofibromatosis
28
Calf pseudohypertrophy and a positive Gower's sign indicates?
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
29
Cape-like distribution of loss of pain indicates?
Syringomyelia
30
Caput Medusa indicates?
Cirrhosis with portal hypertension
31
Carditis chorea polyarthritis and subcutaneous nodules indicates?
Rheumatic fever
32
Casal's necklace indicates?
Pellagra
33
Cat scratch fever and local lymphadenitis indicates?
Cat Scratch Disease
34
Cauliflower like lesions on the hands or genitals indicates?
Human Papilloma Viral Infection
35
Cherry red spots on the macula indicates?
Tay-Sachs disease
36
Cherry red skin and headaches indicates?
Carbon Monoxide poisoning
37
Chest pain worse on lying down and better while sitting forward indicates?
Pericarditis
38
Chest pain worse with exertion and better with rest indicates?
Angina pectoris
39
Chest pain with sweating and feeling of apprehension indicates?
Myocardial Infarction
40
Chills fever vomiting and costovertebral angle tenderness indicates?
Pyelonephritis
41
Chorea and dementia indicates?
Huntington's disease
42
Chronic non healing ulcer on ear or nose indicates?
Basal cell carcinoma
43
Cirrhosis and Kayser-Fleisher rings indicates?
Wilson's disease
44
Clubbing and cyanosis in an infant with heart murmur indicates?
Fallot's tetralogy
45
Condylomata accuminata indicates?
Human Papilloma virus infection
46
Condylomata lata indicates?
Secondary syphilis
47
Coryza conjunctivitis and "C" oplick spots indicates?
Measles
48
Deep labored breathing with acetone smell on breath indicates?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
49
Dermatitis diarrhea and dementia indicates?
Pellagra
50
Dry eyes mouth and arthritis indicates?
Sjogren's syndrome
51
Dysphagia glossitis and iron deficiency anemia indicates?
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
52
Dyspepsia worse with eating food indicates?
Gastric type of peptic ulcer disease
53
Elastic skin with hypermobile joints indicates?
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
54
Enlarged nerves and anesthetic hypopigmented rashes indicates?
Leprosy
55
Fair fat female over 40 with abdominal pain indicates?
Cholecystitis
56
Fever cough chest pain in a parrot breeder indicates?
Bird fancier's disease
57
Fever headache and skin rash on wrist and feet indicates?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
58
Fever conjuctivitis coryza and fine rash on trunk indicates?
Measles
59
Fever neck stiffness and headaches indicates?
Meningitis
60
Fever night sweats weight loss cough or hemoptysis indicates?
Tuberculosis
61
Fever maculopapulovesicular rash on trunk indicates?
Chickenpox
62
Frequent urination with burning on micturition
Urinary Tract Infection
63
Frothy urine recurrent infections with normal blood pressure indicates?
Nephrotic syndrome
64
Frothy malodorus vaginal discharge indicates?
Trichomonas vaginitis
65
Galactorrhea and amenorrhea indicates?
Prolactinoma
66
Gumma indicates?
Tertiary syphilis
67
Gottron's papules and heliotrope eyelids indicates?
Dermatomyositis
68
Gout and self mutilation in a child due to pain insensitivity indicates?
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
69
Haygrath's nodes indicates?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
70
Heartburn that is worse on lying down after meals indicates?
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
71
Heat intolerance fine tremors weight loss or exopthalmos indicates?
Hyperthyroidism
72
Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes indicates?
Osteoarthritis
73
Hematemesis following protracted vomiting or wretching indicates?
Mallory Weiss syndrome
74
Hemoptysis and in a chronic cigarette smoker indicates?
Lung cancer
75
Hemoptysis and hematuria indicates?
Goodpasture syndrome
76
Honey colored crusts on the face near the mouth and nose indicates?
Impetigo
77
Hyperpigmented oral cavity and intestinal polyps indicates?
Peutz-Jegher syndrome
78
Hyperpigmented skin creases bronze skin and fatigue indicates?
Addison's disease
79
Hypertension hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis indicates?
Conn's disease
80
Hypertension exopthalmos and goiter indicates?
Graves disease
81
Indurated painless and penile lesion indicates?
Primary syphilis
82
Infant with red hair and swollen abdomen indicates?
Kwashiorkor
83
Infant with microcephaly and rocker-bottom feet indicates?
Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)
84
Infant with microcephaly and indistinct philtrum indicates?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
85
Infant with mongoloid eyes and mental retardation indicates?
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
86
Irregularly irregular breathing indicates?
Biot's respiration
87
Jaundice chills and fever indicates?
Ascending cholangitis
88
Jaundice ascites and firm non tender hepatomegaly indicates?
Cirrhosis
89
Jaundicee with tender hepatomegaly indicates?
Hepatitis
90
Large spatulate hands protruding jaw indicates?
Acromegaly
91
Loss of outer third of eyebrows and slow reflexes indicates?
Hypothroidism
92
Low back pain bamboo spine in young male adult indicates?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
93
Lower abdominal pain and 6-8 weeks of amenorrhea indicates?
Ectopic pregnancy
94
Koilonychia and pale mucous membranes indicates?
Iron deficiency anemia
95
Koplick spots and fever followed by fine maculopaular rash indicates?
Measles
96
Magenta colored tongue indicates?
Vitamin B2 deficiency
97
Male child with recurrent infection and no B cells indicates?
Bruton's disease
98
Mental retardation large scrotal tongue and umbilical hernia indicates?
Down syndrome
99
Middle aged male smoker with intermittent claudication indicates?
Buerger's disease
100
Midsystolic click and atypical chest pain indicates?
Mitral Valve Prolapse
101
Mole with irregular margins change in color size indicates?
Malignant melanoma
102
Mucoid urethral discharge in a sexually active male indicates?
Chlamydia urethritis
103
Muscle cramps with a positive Chvostek test indicates?
Hypoparathyroidism
104
Newborn with paralyzed arm after difficult vertex delivery indicates?
Erb-Duchenne palsy
105
Newborn with claw hand after difficult breech delivery indicates?
Klumpke's palsy
106
Night blindness dry eyes/skin indicates?
Vitamin A deficiency
107
Nocturnal back pain recurrent infections and fatigue indicates?
Multiple Myeloma
108
Obesity hirsuitism and irregular periods indicates?
Polycystic Ovarian syndrome
109
Osler nodes Janeway nodules or Roth spots indicates?
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
110
Painful pale cold fingers and toes indicates?
Raynaud's syndrome
111
Painful fingers and wrists bilaterally with morning stiffness (>1 hr) indicates?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
112
Painful hip with a limp in a young child indicates?
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
113
Painful hip with a limp in an overweight teenager indicates?
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
114
Painful pulseless pale perishingly cold limb indicates?
Arterial embolism
115
Ohio Valley fever
Histoplasma capsulatum
116
San Joaquin Valley Fever
Coccidioides immitis
117
Spokes of wheel appearance
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
118
Decaying vegetation
aspergillus fumigatus
119
Wright Giemsa stain
Parasites and syphilis
120
Spread by bat droppings
Histoplasma capsulatum
121
Causes meningitis spread by pigeon poop
cryptococcus neoformans
122
Causes pneumonia in an immune compromised patient
Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)
123
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
124
Percentage of true positive
Sensitivity
125
Percentage of true negative
Specificity
126
Used to exclude a disease if test is negative ( SnOUT)
Sensitivity
127
Used to include a diagnosis if test is positive ( SpIN)
Specificity
128
Sudden increase in the number with a disease locally
Epidemic
129
Normal occurrence of disease in a particular locally
Endemic
130
Sudden increase in the number with a disease worldwide
Pandemic
131
Number of people with the disease at a given time
Incidence
132
Number of people who have a particular disease
Morbidity rate
133
Number of people who die from a particular disease
Mortality rate
134
Epidemiology or Disease Triangle
Host agent (microbe) and environment
135
Antigenic shift (virus) spores (bacteria/fungus) cysts ( protozoa)
Microbial adaptations
136
Disease that has newly appeared
Emerging Disease
137
Previously known disease that has increased or spread
re-emerging disease
138
Bacteria and fungi form spores and protozoa form cysts
Pathogen adaptations to environment
139
Viral adaptation to the environment and host
Antigenic shift
140
Exposure of milk to progressively higher temperatures
Pasteurization
141
Use of chemicals to destroy most pathogens
disinfection
142
Allows water to pass through pores of different sizes
Filtration
143
Use of aluminum to precipitate material from water
Flocculation
144
Allows the precipitate to settle out
Sedimentation
145
Adds anaerobic bacteria to break down organic matter
sludge digestion
146
Allows water to pass through sand
sand filtration
147
Passes oxygen through to kill anaerobic bacteria
aeroation
148
Addition of chlorine to kill all remaining micro-organisms
Chlorination
149
Anecdotes case study case control cohort study or RCT
Hierarchy of evidence
150
Describes and interprets an individual case
Case study
151
Comparing outcomes of those with and without disease
Case Control Study
152
Follows samples prospectively with respect to disease
Cohort study
153
Random allocation to experimental or control group
Randomized Clinical Trial
154
Combines all outcomes and summarizes the findings
Systematic review
155
Subset of systematic review focused on one conclusion
Meta Anaylsis
156
Inspect meat and milk
Department of Agriculture
157
Drug and cosmetic quality and health product advertisement
Food and Drug Administration
158
Disease surveillance and restaurant inspection
Department of Public Health
159
Monitors Air and Water quality
Environmental Protection Agency
160
Monitors quality of diary products
US diary associated
161
Monitors workplace safety and hazardous material disposal
Occupational Safety Health Admin.
162
Epidemiological research and health stats
Centers of Disease Control
163
Oversees health care to the underserved
Health services Administration
164
Oversees funding for disease research
National Institutes of Health
165
Recent emerging disease spread by infected body fluids
Ebola
166
Spread by the vector lxodes scapularis
Lyme disease
167
Emerging disease spread by body fluids from infected rats
Hantavirus infection
168
Spread by working with infected birds
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
169
Spread by working with infected pigs
H1N1 influenza
170
Emerging disease spread by contact with infected camels
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
171
Kills more people in the USA than AIDs
Methicillin Resistant Staph. Aureus
172
Process in which there is loss of hydrogen electrons
Oxidation
173
Process in which there is a gain of hydrogen electrons
Reduction
174
Replacement of hydrogen by carboxyl group (-COOH)
Carboxylation
175
Substance which speeds up the rate of chemical reactions
Enzyme
176
Inactive precursor protein with an additional peptide attached
Pro-enzyme
177
Enzyme that catalyzes the addition of carboxyl broup
Carboxylase
178
Removal of the carboxyl group (-COOH)
Decarboxylation
179
Reaction that combines H20 with a salt to produce acid and base
Hydrolysis
180
Enzyme that causes hydrolysis
Hydrolase
181
Movement of a phosphate (PO4) from one molecule to another
Phosphorylation
182
Enzyme which adds a phosphate from an organic compound
Phosphorylase
183
Enzyme that removes a phosphate from an organic compound
Kinase
184
Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of one group to another
Transferase
185
Enzyme that makes an isomer ( same chemical composition)
Isomerase
186
Molecule with the same composition but different chemical structure
Isomer
187
Isomerase enzyme which changes the configuration of a molecule
Mutase
188
Number of Factors that affect enzyme activity
Three
189
Temperature pH and concentration of the substrate
Affects enzyme activity
190
Maximum velocity of a reaction
Vmax
191
Michaelis-Menten constant
Kmax
192
The amount of substrate required to reach 1/2 of the Vmax
Kmax
193
A substance which slows down the rate of an enzyme reaction
Inhibitor
194
Competition and allosterism
Enzymatic regulation
195
Actively competes with substrate for the active site
Competition
196
Changes in activity by acting on a site other than the active site
Allosterism
197
Chemical bond between two amino acids
Peptide bond
198
Chemical bond between the base bases found in DNA
Hydrogen bond
199
Chemical bond between glycerol and fatty acids
Ester bonds
200
Chemical bond between two sugars
Glycosidic bond
201
Chemical bond between nucleotides
Phosphodiester
202
Site of all pathways except the Krebs Cycle and 1st half of the Urea Cycle
Cytosol
203
Site of Krebs cycle and 1st half of the urea cycle
Mitochondria
204
Constituents of Starch
Amylose and Amylopectin
205
Long unbranched chains of glucose linked at C1 and C4 ( alpha 14 link)
Amylose
206
Fewer branches of glucose with alpha 14 and 1 6 linked branches
Amylopectin
207
Comprised of glucose and fructose found in table sugar and fruit
sucrose
208
Contains galactose and glucose found in milk ; beta 14 link
Lactose
209
Form in which glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and liver
glycogen
210
Aldopentose ( 5 carbon) sugar
Ribose
211
Ketohexoxe ( 6 Carbon) sugar
Fructose
212
Crucial step that controls how fast or slow the pathway goes
Rate Limiting Step
213
The most important rate limiting step in glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase
214
Steps in glycoylsis at which ATP is used
Steps 1 and 3
215
Steps in glycolyis at which ATP is produced
Step 7 and 10
216
Step in glycolysis at which NADH is produced
Step 6
217
Number of pyruvate molecules produced from one glucose in glycolysis
Two
218
Main fate of pyruvate
Converted to Acetyl CoA
219
Alternate fates of pyruvate
Lactate and Alanine
220
Number of carbon molecules in pyruvate
3
221
Number of carbon molecules in acetoacetate
2
222
Making glucose from pyruvate lactate glycerol fatty and amino acids
Gluconeogenesis
223
Irreversible steps in glycolysis that are replaced in gluconeogenesis
Steps 1 3 10
224
Location of gluconeogenesis
Mitochondria and cytoplasm
225
Lactate is converted to pyruvate which is converted to glucose
Sequence of events
226
Disorderly disorganized neoplastic growth
Anaplasia
227
Downey Cells
Mononucleosis
228
Dry eyes and dry mouth
Sjörgen's Syndrome
229
Dystrophin defect
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
230
Eburnation
Osteoarthritis
231
Enzymatic necrosis
Acute pancreatitis
232
Erythema nodosum
Sarcoidosis TB or drug reaction
233
Esophageal metaplasia
Barrett's esophagus
234
Fatty necrosis
Liver damage
235
Fawn's beard
Spina bifida occulta
236
Fibrillin defect
Marfan's Syndrome
237
Galactorrhea
Prolactinoma
238
Ghon's focus and complex
Primary Tuberculosis
239
Guaneri bodies
Smallpox
240
Gumma
Tertiary Syphilis
241
Gynestomastia in a tall thin male (XXY)
Klinefleter's Syndrome
242
Heberden's Nodes
Osteoarthritis of the fingers
243
Heliotrope eyelid discoloration and Gottron's Papules
Dermatomyositis
244
Heterophil Antibodies
Mononucleosis
245
Hirano's Bodies
Alzheimer's disease
246
HLA-B8
Grave's Disease
247
HLA-B27
Psoriatic Arthritis AS IBD Reiters (RAS)
248
HLA-DR3 or 4
DM Type 1 RA and SLE
249
Human Mad Cow Disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
250
Hunner's ulcers in the bladder
Interstitial cystitis
251
Hutchinson's notched central incisors
Congenital Syphilis
252
Hypercoaguability venous stasis and vessel wall damage
Virchow's Triad
253
Hyperelasticity of skin and joint capsule
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
254
Hyperpigmented skin creases with fatigue
Addison's disease
255
Immotile cilia with sinusitis bronchiectasis and situs inversus
Kartagener's Syndrome
256
Inappropriate ADH secretion
Small cell lung cancer
257
Increased size of tissue or organ
Hypertrophy
258
Increased number of cells
Hyperplasia
259
Indistinct philtrum
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
260
Kayser-Fleisher Rings
Wilson's Disease
261
Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodular Sclerosis
Diabetic Nephropathy
262
Koilonychia and dysphagia in a post-menopausal woman
Plummer Vinson Syndrome
263
Langhan's giant cells
Tuberculosis
264
Large Cyst in the posterior cranial fossa
Dandy Walker Syndrome
265
Lewy Bodies
Parkinson's disease
266
Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
267
Linear esophageal tear after retching
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
268
Lines of Zahn
Thrombus
269
Liquefactive necrosis
Brain infarction
270
Liver and Brain damage after aspirin ingestion
Reye Syndrome
271
L-MYC oncogene
Colon Cancer
272
Looser's zone (pseudo-fracture)
Osteomalacia
273
MacCallum's patch in left atrium
Rheumatic Fever
274
Macrocytic Normochromic anemia
Folic Acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
275
Malignant plasma cells
Multiple Myeloma
276
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
277
Minimal change of the basement membrane
Nephrotic Syndrome
278
Most common cancer in men
Prostate cancer
279
Most common cancer in women
Breast Cancer
280
Most common cause of Osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus aureus
281
Most common malignant bone tumor
Metastasis
282
Most common benign brain tumor
Meningioma
283
Most common kidney tumor in children
Wilms Tumor
284
Most common malignant brain tumor in adults
Glioblastoma Multiforme
285
Most common malignant brain tumor in children
Neuroblastoma
286
Most common primary bone cancer in adults
Multiple Myeloma
287
Most common primary bone cancer in teens
Osteosarcoma
288
Most common skin cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
289
Most malignant skin cancer
Melanoma
290
M spike on serum electrophoresis
Multiple Myeloma
291
Multiple cysts in both kidneys in an adult
Adult polycystic disease of the kidney
292
Multiple cysts in one kidney in an infant
Congenital polycystic disease of the kidney
293
Multiple superficial ulcers in the colon
Ulcerative Colitis
294
Needle-shaped negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (Uric acid crystals)
295
Negri bodies
Rabies
296
Neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer's disease
297
N-MYC oncogene
Neuroblastoma
298
Non-caseous granulomas in the gut
Crohn's disease
299
Non-caseous granulomas in the lung
Sarcoidosis
300
Nutmeg liver
Congestive Heart Failure
301
Onion-skin periosteal reaction on x-ray
Ewing's Sarcoma
302
Oral pigmentation and intestinal polyps
Peutz-Jegher Syndrome
303
Osteophytes
Osteoarthritis
304
Owl-eye appearance in lung biopsy
Cryptococcus neoformans
305
p16 oncogene
Malignant melanoma
306
Pannus formation
Rheumatoid Arthritis
307
Paroxysms of hypertension palpitations and perspiration
Pheochromocytoma
308
Philadelphia Chromosome
Chromic Myelogenous Leukemia
309
Pill-rolling tremor and decreased dopamine
Parkinson's disease
310
Post-coital bleeding
Carcinoma of the cervix
311
Post-menopausal bleeding
Endometrial cancer
312
Prostatic Specific Antigen
Prostatic Carcinoma
313
Pseudohypertrophic calf muscles
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
314
Pulmonary Stenosis VSD over-riding aorta RVH
Fallot's Tetralogy
315
Pulsatile midline abdominal mass
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
316
Rachitic rosary
Vitamin D deficiency in children
317
Red and grey hepatization in the lung
Pneumonia
318
Radiofemoral delay
Coarctation of the aorta
319
Red blood cell casts in the urine
Glomerulonephritis
320
Recurrent peptic ulcers
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
321
Rib notching on chest x-ray
Coarctation of the aorta
322
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
323
Rokitansky-Ashoff sinuses
Cholecystitis
324
Scanning Speech intention tremor and nystagmus
Multiple Sclerosis
325
Sero-Positive (Rheumatoid Factor) arthritis
RA and SLE
326
Soap-bubble appearance on x ray
Giant cell Tumor
327
Spaghetti and Meatballs appearance
Malassezia furfur
328
Splenomegaly and eyethema nodosum
Sarcoidosis
329
Splinter Hemorrhages
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
330
Starry sky appearance in lymph node
Burkitt's Lymphoma
331
Stunted small intestinal villi due to gluten sensitivity
Celiac Disease
332
Subchondral sclerosis
Osteoarthritis
333
Thymic and parathyroid aplasia
DiGeorge Syndrome
334
Thyroglobulin antibodies
Hashimoto's disease
335
Trisomy 21
Down's Syndrome
336
Vanilyl mandelic acid in the urine
Pheochromocytoma
337
Virchow's triad-vessel damage stasis hypercoagulability
Deep Vein Thrombosis
338
Vomiting blood after protracted vomiting and retching
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
339
Wallerian Degeneration
Nerve Damage
340
Weight loss and Troisier's sign
Gastric carcinoma
341
White blood cell casts in urine
Pyelonephritis
342
XO chromosomal disease
Turner's disease
343
Zenker's degeneration
Skeletal Muscle Damage
344
No cell wall no nucleus no ribosome DNA or RNA
Virus
345
Peptidoglycan wall single chromosome 70S ribosome
Bacteria
346
Chitin wall ergosterol membrane 80S ribosome nucleus
Fungus
347
Sterol membrane no chitin wall 80S ribosome nucleus
Parasite
348
Ability to cause disease
Pathogenicity
349
Ability to cause serious disease
Virulence
350
Hospital acquired infection
Nosocomial
351
Part of the normal flora
Commensal
352
Ability of two dissimilar living together
Symbiosis
353
Both organisms need each other to function
Synergism
354
Lag Log Stationary and Death
Bacterial growth phases
355
Phase of exponential growth
Log Phase
356
Heat irradiation antimicrobial chemicals antibiotics
Factors which affect bacterial growth
357
Host agent and environment
Disease Triangle
358
All viruses are RNA except 7 HHHAPPPy ones which are
DNA
359
3 DNA viruses are enveloped
HepaDNA Herpes and Pox
360
3 DNA viruses are naked
Papilloma Adeno and Polyoma
361
1 DNA virus that is single stranded
Parvo B19
362
All RNA viruses are single stranded EXCEPT
Rota Virus of the REO virus family
363
All RNA single stranded viruses are + EXCEPT 6
6 FABulous PROfessionals
364
Paramyxo Rhabdo Orthomyxo Filo Arena Bunya
Negative sense RNA viruses
365
All hepatitis viruses are RNA EXCEPT
Hepatitis B (hepaDNA group)
366
All hepatitis viruses are spread by the orofecal route EXCEPT
Hepatitis B and C (sex and blood)
367
Single stranded retrovirus
Human Immune Deficiency Virus
368
All ARBO viruses are flavi viruses EXCEPT
Calfornia encephalitis (Bunya virus)
369
Parotitis pancreatitis and painful orchitis
Paramyxovirus
370
Common cold with runny nose and sore throat
Corona virus
371
Hand foot and mouth lesions
Coxsackie virus
372
Bacteria without cell walls
Mycoplasma
373
Obligate intracellular parasites
Chlamydia Rickettsiae Coxiella
374
Flexible Bacteria
Borellia Leptospira and Treponema
375
Gram stain resistant bacillus-Ziehl Neelsen staining
Mycobacterium
376
Infection in bird keepers
Chlamydia psittaci
377
Most common preventable cause of blindness in Africa
Chlamydia trachomatis types A B and C
378
Conjunctivitis Urethritis and Arthritis
Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K
379
Sign of the groove
Chlamydia trachomatis type L
380
Q fever
Coxiella burnetti
381
Long start tick
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
382
Hemorrhagic disease spread by urine from infected rats
Leptospira interogans
383
Painless hard penile ulcer
Syphilis
384
Lung infection in wool sorters
Bacillus anthracis
385
Rheumatic Fever and glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus pyogenes
386
Infects previously damaged heart valves
Streptococcus viridans
387
Infects previously healthy heart valves
Staphylococcus aureus
388
Lockjaw (trismus)
Clostridium tetani
389
Transmitted by contaminated honey and causes paralysis
Clostridium botulinum
390
Muscle necrosis with gas formation
Clostridium perfringens
391
Grey pseudomembrane in the throat
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
392
Paroxysmal bouts of coughing with a whoop in a child
Bordetella pertussis
393
Fever from handling infected rabbit skin
Francisella tularensis
394
Lung infection from infer air conditioners
Legionella pneumophila
395
Infected burns with blue green burns
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
396
Gram negative coccus which ferments glucose
Neisseria gonorrhea
397
Gram negative coccus which ferments maltose
Neisseria meningitidis
398
Causes server diarrhea with rice water stool
Vibrio cholera
399
Causes peptic ulcer and some forms of stomach cancer
Helicobacter pylori
400
Vitamin deficiency which results in excess lactic acid production?
Biotin deficiency
401
Rate limiting step in gluconeogenesis?
F1 6 biophosphatase
402
Hormone which inhibits glueconeogenisis?
Insulin
403
Location of Krebs cycle?
Mitochondrial matrix
404
Steps in the Krebs cycle at which NADH is produced?
Steps 3+4+7
405
Type of enzyme which facilitates the production of NADH
Dehydrogenase
406
Destination of the energy harvested from the Krebs cycle?
Electron transport chain
407
Number of ATP's generated from 1 NADH?
3 ATP
408
Number of ATP's generated from 1 FADH2?
2 ATP
409
Number of NADH FAHD2 and GTP generated by one Krebs cycle?
3 NADH 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP
410
Number of Krebs cycles to completely break down 1 glucose?
2
411
Number of ATP produced from breakdown of one glucose in glycolysis?
4 ATP
412
Number of NADH produced from one glucose in glycolysis?
2 NADH
413
Net ATP gain from one glucose in glycolysis?
2 ATP
414
Number of NADH produced by converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
1
415
Total ATP generated by the breakdown of one molecule of glucose?
38 ATP
416
Alternate fule types for the krebs cycle?
proteins and fat
417
Succinyl CoA Oxaloacetate Fumerate and Alpha-ketogluterate are sights where protein ____?
Enter
418
Alpha-ketogluterate and Succinyl CoA are sights at which Fat ____?
Enter
419
Location of Electron transport chain?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
420
Role of electron transport chain?
Transfer of electrons to O2
421
Compound which has both reduced and oxidized forms of a molecule?
Redox pair
422
NAD [oxidized] and NADH [reduced] are examples of
Redox pairs
423
Drop off point for NADH in the Electron Transport Chain?
Complex 1
424
Drop off point for FADH2 in the electron transport chain?
Complex 2
425
Alternate name for Co Q10?
Ubiquinone
426
Heme containing compounds that receive electrons from CoQH2
Cytochromes
427
ETC complexes involving cytochromes?
Complex 3 and 4
428
ETC complexs involving phosphorylation
complex 5
429
Other metal which is important to the electron transport chain?
copper
430
Cycle used to prevent lactic acidosis [lactic acid buildup]?
Cori cycle
431
Purpose of the Hexose MonoPhysphate shunt?
Produces NADPH and Ribose
432
Location of the pentose phosphate pathway [aka HMP shunt]
Cytosol
433
Rate limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway?
G63p dehydrogenase
434
Sight of glycogen metabolism?
cytosol
435
Starter of primer molecule for glycogen synthesis?
Glycogenin
436
Compound containing a 5 carbon and 6 carbon sugar in glycogenesis?
Uridine DiPhospho-Glucose
437
Rate limiting enzyme used to lengthen the glycogen chain?
Glycogen Synthase
438
Type of chemical bonds between glucose molecules: alpha 14 and alpha 16 links
Glycosidic bonds
439
Tate Limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis activated by ATP?
Glycogen phosphorylase
440
Sites for glycogenolysis?
Heart liver and muscle
441
Name of enzyme that changes G1P to G6P
Phosphoglucomutase
442
Group consisting of Carbon with Oxygen and a hydroxyl attached?
Carboxyl group
443
One with no double bonds between the carbon atoms [C-C]
Saturated fatty acid
444
One with one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms?
unsaturated fatty acid
445
Linoleic acid [vegetable oil omega-6] and linolenic acid [fish oil - omega 3]
Essential fatty acids
446
Mono- unsaturated fatty acids [MUFA] - 18:1 (9)
Linoleic acid
447
Polyunsaturated Fatty acid 18;2(912) oleic acid
oleic acid
448
Plyunsaturated Fatty acid - 20:4 (581114)
Arachidonic acid
449
Location of lipolysis?
Mitochondria
450
Site of lipogenesis?
Cytosol
451
Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis and target for statins?
HMG CoA reductase
452
Starting point for steroid hormone synthesis
Cholesterol
453
Phe Val The Trp Lle Met [His and Arg during pregnancy] Leu and lys are?
Essential amino acids
454
Asn Gly Glu Cys Ala Pro Ser Try Asp and Gln are?
non-Essentail amino acids
455
Proline [Pro]
Cyclic amino acid
456
Pheylalanine [phe] Tyrosine [Try] and Tryptophan [Trp]
Aromatic amino acids
457
Histidine [His} arginine [Arg] and Lysine [Lys]
basic amino acids
458
Asparagine [Asn] Aspartate [Asp] Glutamin [Gln] and Glutamate [Glu]
Acid amino acids
459
Cysteine [Cys] Methionine [Met} Serine [Ser] and Threonine [Thr]
Sulfer-containing amino acids
460
Alanine [Ala] Glycine [Gly] Isoleueucine [Ile] Leucine [Leu] Valine [Val]
Aliphatic amino acids
461
Removal of the amine NH2 group?
Deamination
462
Source of nitrogen for the urea cycle?
Glutamate and alanine
463
Substrates for urea formation?
NH3 and CO2
464
Location of the urea cycle?
Mitochondrion then cytosol
465
Rate Limiting enzyme in the urea cycle?
Carbamoyl PO4 synthase
466
Purine or Pyrimidine base PLUS pentose [5-carbon] Sugar
Nucleoside
467
Purine or Pyrimidine base PLUS pentose sugar and phosphate?
Nucleotide
468
Adenine and Guanine; used to make nucleosides and nucleotides??
Purine bases
469
Cytosine Uracil Thymine; used to make nucleosides and nucleotides?
Pyrimidine bases
470
Adenine and Thymine; Cytosine and Guanine; Adenine and Uracil?
Base Pairs
471
Nucleoside formed by combining uracil and d-Ribose?
Uridine
472
Enzyme which converts xanthine into uric acid
Xanthine oxidase
473
Process by which RNA template for protein synthesis is made from DNA?
Transcription
474
Process by which RNA codon begins to make an protein?
Translation
475
Arginine is made from which amino acid?
Glutamine
476
Glutamine arginine and proline are all made from which amino acid?
Glutamate
477
Glutamate is made from which amino acid?
alpha-Ketoglutarate
478
Asparagine is made from which amino acid?
Aspartate
479
Aspartate is derived from which amino acid?
Oxaloacetate transamination
480
Water soluble bitamins?
B and C
481
Fat soluble vitamins?
D A K and E
482
Anti-oxidants
Vitamins A C E and selenium
483
Used to make rhodopsin helps in the differentiation of epithelial tissue?
Vitamin A
484
Used in carboxylation of glutamate residue in making clotting factors?
Vitamin K
485
Powerful antioxidant which mops free radicals; lipid antioxidant?
Vitamin E
486
Cofactor in pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
487
Precursor for FMN FAD and FADH2 in the ETC and Redox reactions?
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
488
Precursor for NAD and NADP in the electron transport chain?
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
489
Precursor for removal of CO2 (decarboxylase) in the Krebs cycle?
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
490
Acyl carrier as part of Coenzyme A; Pantene Pro V (V=5)
Bitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)
491
Cofactor for several transaminase reactions?
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxin)
492
Used in carboxylation reactions?
Vitamin B7 (biotin)
493
Used in reactions involving malonyl and Methylmalonyl CoA?
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
494
Used in the transfer of 1-Carbon units and makes Methionine and Purines?
Vitamin B9 (Folic acid)
495
Cofactors for methionine and Succinyl CoA Manufacture?
Vitamin B12 (cobalmin)
496
Cofactor in hydroxylation in the synthesis of collagen?
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
497
Necessary in the electron transport chain and found in prunes?
copper
498
Cofactor of carbonic anhydrase found in seafood meat and whole grain?
Zinc
499
Forms complexes with ATP and found abundantly in nuts?
Magnesium
500
Helps with glucose transport into cells and found in oysters?
Chromium
