Chirality

Question 1

Mesoforms

Answer 1

Has stereocenters, but is achiral

Question 2

How do you find the maximum # of stereoisomers?

Answer 2

2^n
n= # of chiral centers

Question 3

Diastereomer

Answer 3

Stereoisomer that is NOT a mirror image or does not fit the definition of an enantiomer

Question 4

Enantiomer

Answer 4

Perfect mirror image (have the opposite sterochemistry at EVERY CHIRAL CENTER)

Question 5

Absolute stereochemistry

Answer 5

Defined 3-D spatial arrangement of groups

Question 6

Stereoisomers

Answer 6

Same connectivity, different arrangements of groups in space (NOT SUPERIMPOSABLE)

Question 7

How to identify R chirality

Answer 7

Rectus
right, clockwise (CW)

Question 8

How to identify S chirality

Answer 8

Sinister
left, counterclockwise (CCW)

Question 9

How do you prioritize atoms attached to the chiral center?

Answer 9

Determined by atomic number– higher number, higher priority

Question 10

Steps to determine handedness

Answer 10

Step 1: identify stereocenter
- Prioritize atoms attached to chiral center
Step 2: Project down the bond grom stereocenter to lowest priority group
- determine the direction of groups 1-3
Step 3: direction is CCW, CW, G4 is back= keep answer
- direction is CW, CCW, G4 is forward= switch

Question 11

Which is more stable: straight chain or branched chain?

Answer 11

Branched chain

Question 12

C=O

Answer 12

Carboneal
Double bond- count 2 carbons

Question 13

C (triple bond) C

Answer 13

Triple bond- count 3 carbons

Question 14

How do you use ΔG to solve for equilibrium constant?

Answer 14

ΔG= -R · T · ln(Ke)

or

Ke= e^[(-ΔG)/(R·T)]

Question 15

R gas constant value

Answer 15

8.314

Question 16

When do you add or subtract A values to find ΔG?

Answer 16

You add the values if the molecule is cis, and subtract them if they are trans.