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MEP > Chinese Music > Flashcards

Chinese Music Flashcards

1
Q

Jiangnan sizhu

A
  • From south of the Yangtze River
  • Played indoors
  • played mostly by amateurs
  • informal setting - ( tea houses, neighborhood recreation centers, private homes)
  • formal setting - ( conservatories, professional circles )
  • intimate setting, participatory ( sit around a table, performers look at each other)
  • ppl can play more than1 instrument (( if someone goes to toilet, someone else can take over/ swap instruments
  • improvisatory ( Each performance will not be the same )

Core repertoire- 八大名曲

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2
Q

Jiangnan sizhu instruments

A 
Dizi
Erhu 
Pipa 
Yangqin 
Shēng
Xiao 
Sanxian
Guzheng 
Clappers 
Cymbals
Drums
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3
Q

Erhu

A
  • bowed, 2-string vertical fiddle, wooden resonator covered with a piece of snake skin, bow placed between the 2 strings
-techniques: 
tremolo (play same note repeatedly)
Pitch sliding
Vibrato
Harmonics (place fingers slightly on string to create a high-pitched sound)
Pizzicato

-ornaments:
Trills
Appogiatura

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4
Q

Yangqin

A
  • dulcimer (sound is produced by hitting the string)
  • wooden box with 20 sets of double or triple course metal strings stretched over the bridges
  • range of around 5 octaves
  • played by hitting the strings of the instruments with 2 small bamboo hammers
  • solo/accompanying to erhu

Techniques:
Tremolo
Glissando

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5
Q

Pipa

A
  • 4-stringed pear shaped lute
  • strings made out of wire/ silk
  • 12-26 frets
  • sounds thinner than the yangqin
  • solo instrument

Techniques:
Tremolo ( 轮指 )((continuous strumming of the strings with all 5 fingers))
Pitch bending ((how hard you press on the string))
Plucking
Strumming

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6
Q

Sanxian

A
  • 3-stringed fretless plucked lute
  • long fingerboard
  • body is made from snake skin stretched over the resonator
  • plucked with a plectrum made of plastic or animal horn
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7
Q

Guzheng (( not common in jiangnan sizhu ensemble ))

A
  • zither
  • 21 strings stretched over movable bridges and the string are made of wire or silk
  • solo or accompanying instrument
Techniques: 
Pitch-bending
Plucking
Tremolos
Glissando
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8
Q

Dizi

A
  • side blown flute made of bamboo
  • 6 finger holes for playing and 3 other holes including the blowhole
  • reed membrane (rice paper) covering a hole between the blow hole and the highest finger hole, which affects the sound
  • available in diff keys (limited range)
Techniques:
Flutter tonguing
Double tonguing
Triple tonguing
Circular breathing

Ornaments:
Trills
Accicatura

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9
Q

Xiao

A
  • vertical end blown flute made of bamboo
  • no reed membrane
  • gentler tone compared to dizi
  • 6-8 playing holes
  • available in diff keys
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10
Q

Sheng

A
  • multi reed mouth organ
  • consists of 13-17 bamboo pipes with different lengths that are mounted together onto a gourd shaped wooden base
  • sound is produced by blowing and sucking the air through a metal tube connected to the base
  • pipes –> bamboo ( past )
    - -> metal ( now )
  • base –> gourd ( past )
    - -> metal ( now )
  • solo/ accompaniment
  • ONLY wind instrument that can play more than one note at a time
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11
Q

Percussion instruments
Clapper
Drum

A
  • two flat pieces of hardwood or bamboo that are tied loosely together on one end
  • held vertically by one hand and clapped together
  • sharp clacking sound
  • other hand will be used to hit the drum
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12
Q

Guangdong

A
  • from the Guangdong and Zhujiang region
  • xiaoqu, yuequ ((Cantonese songs)),operatic interludes, instrumental ensemble music
  • developed after the end of Qing dynasty (more morden)
  • used as secular entertainment, accompanying music in operas, weddings, funerals
  • used in Cantonese opera
  • wujiatou –> sanjiatou (gaohu, yangqin, qinqin) –> wujiantou today (sanjiaotou + xiao and yehu)
  • percussion instruments also used
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13
Q

Gaohu ( replaces erhu)

A
  • developed from erhu ( but gaohu has a smaller resonator)
  • more nasal sounding ( brighter and lighter tone )
  • held between knees
  • leading instrument
Techniques: 
Tremolo
Vibrato
Harmonics
Pizzicato
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14
Q

Qinqin ( replaces pipa)

A
  • Chinese lute with a wooden body, slender fretted neck and 3 strings, plucked string instrument
  • body can be round, hexagonal ( with rounder sides) or octagonal
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15
Q

Yangqin ( guangdong)

A
  • HAMMERS DO NOT HAVE RUBBER TIPS SO A LOT MORE METALLIC SOUNDING THAN JIANGNAN SIZHU
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16
Q

Yehu

A
  • bowed string instrument
  • soundbox made from coconut shell, covered with a piece of coconut wood
  • bow is placed between the 2 strings
  • lower In pitch than erhu
Techniques:
Tremolo
Vibrato
Harmonics
Pizzicato
17
Q

Xiao ( replace dizi ) and

A
  • vertical end blown flute made of bamboo
  • gentler tone compared to dizi
  • 6-8 playing holes
  • available in different keys
18
Q

Performance etiquette ( jiangnan sizhu)

A
  • erhu and dizi take precedence but rest of the ensemble also take turns playing prominent roles
  • 1 solo instrument, the rest is background
  • sensitive to the decorations of their colleagues
19
Q

Scale

A

Pentatonic scale

  • notes 12356
    Do re mi so la
  • ti and fa are used for ornaments and unessential notes
20
Q

Texture of jiangnan sizhu

A

Qupai (main melody that everyone plays)
Hetrophonic texture ( different instruments playing the same melody at the same time according to their own instrumental idiom)
Jia hua ( ornaments added onto qupai eg tremolo, vibrato)
Gong Che notation (past )
Cipher notation ( now )

21
Q

Traditional Chinese music

A
  • ling Lun - legendary founder of music, come up with the 5 notes of the scale, created the bamboo flutes that could imitate the sounds of birds
  • used to only be in ensemble ((5-6 ppl)) or solo
  • traditional genres - folk music, court music, ensemble, solo
  • during Mao era, western music became more prominent (conservatory)
  • setting up of Chinese orchestra in the 1990s, brought in western instruments (( cello, double bass)) as no Chinese instrument can play such a low note
22
Q

Two types

A

Jiangnan sizhu

Guangdong

MEP (9 decks)

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