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HOA 3: CHINESE & JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE > CHINESE > Flashcards

CHINESE Flashcards

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Chinese (Mandarin) flashcards
1
Q

is an ancient belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality. By Confucius, a known philosopher in Ancient China.

A

CONFUCIANISM

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2
Q

heavily utilized symmetry and balance through use of Fengshui

A

TAOISM

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3
Q

a Taoist Philosophy

A

FENGSHUI

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4
Q

closer to imperial style buildings favoring Grand Architecture.

A

BUDDHISM

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5
Q

believed to be a great representative of the balance of Yin and Yang, has been strictly used in traditional Chinese buildings, except for Landscape Gardens.

A

BILATERAL SYMMETRY

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6
Q

is an important belief of ancient Chinese Philosophy, which suggest one’s living house should also resemble nature.

A

“Harmony of Man and Nature”

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7
Q

the main architecture of a building
complex, mostly in royal palaces, used for the grandest ceremonial or religious purposes

A

DIAN

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8
Q

residence of most honorable masters,
also could be used for the family to hold celebration activities.

A

TANG

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9
Q

is usually the most important building complex for folk architecture or the second most important one in imperial palaces.

A

TANG

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10
Q

multilayer buildings, usually used as
bedrooms or studies

A

LOU

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11
Q

multilayer buildings with smaller rooms
and windows in four directions, usually used as a library, study, or place to enshrine religious deities.

A

GE

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12
Q

a pavilion, to rest and appreciate the
view, usually small, exquisite buildings with roof and pillars

A

TING

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13
Q

a building next to or on the water,
usually with railings, the place to appreciate the water vi and to rest.

A

XIE

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14
Q

a gallery, long corridor with roofs
to connect buildings, with both functional and ornamental value.

A

LANG

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15
Q

tall stage-like structure used to
observe or appreciate the beautiful views.

A

TAI

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16
Q

evolved from Que and was popularized since the Tang Dynasty. They were used to commemorate exceptional accomplishments or to praise highly valued virtues.

A

FANG / PAIFANG / PAI LOU

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17
Q

a column set by King Yao, to collect
suggestions and complaints from civilians.

A

HUABIAO

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18
Q

also called Pagoda, used to place
Buddhist religious statues or valuable relics, to adjust a place’s Fengshui, or to suppress evil spirits and monsters

A

TA

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19
Q

Symbol of Buddhism in China

A

TA

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20
Q

hipped roof with five ridges and
four roof slopes

A

WU DIAN DING

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21
Q

The most honorable style that exclusively used by royals and prominent temples. The double layer is even more supreme, the highest level in ancient Chinese Architecture.

A

WU DIAN DING

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22
Q

hip-and-gable roof with nine ridges

A

XIE SHAN DING

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23
Q

primarily used in important buildings of palaces, gardens, and temples.

A

XIE SHAN DING

24
Q

Overhanging gable roof with one main ridge and four vertical ridges extending out of the gable walls.

A

XUAN SHAN DING

25
Q

The roofs of these houses were built to protect people from rain and have been widely used by civilian residents in rainy southern places.

A

XUAN SHAN DING

26
Q

Flush gable roof with one main ridge and four vertical ridges that flush with two gable walls

A

YING SHAN DING

27
Q

This architectural style is more efficient in fireproofing and has been used by civilians in drought northern places

A

YING SHAN DING

28
Q

Pavilion roof with a cone roof and a pointed top.

A

CUAN JIAN DING

29
Q

It is widely used in buildings like pavilions and pagodas and has no hierarchy restrictions.

A

CUAN JIAN DING

30
Q

represents the emperor, paramount imperial authority

A

CHINESE DRAGON OR LOONG

31
Q

the symbol of virtue and peace

A

PHOENIX

32
Q

represents power, bravery, and dignity

A

LION

33
Q

the incarnation of honor and benevolence

A

HEAVENLY HORSE

34
Q

the symbol of auspiciousness and loyalty

A

SEA HORSE

35
Q

the mythical creature with the power to call for wind and rain

A

XIAYU

36
Q

a son of the dragon, a creature of blessing and leadership

A

SUANNI

37
Q

law and justice

A

XIEZHI

38
Q

a type of dragon that could fight and suppress floods.

A

DOUNIU

39
Q

a creature that looks like a monkey with wings holding a magic weapon that can defeat demons and evil spirits.

A

HANG SHI

40
Q

In front is ________________, who leads those creatures and guards those palaces

A

a deity riding on a phoenix

41
Q

Abode of the Chinese Emperors, their Families, Staff, Government Officials

A

THE FORBIDDEN CITY

42
Q

Occupied by Emperors from Ming Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty.

A

THE FORBIDDEN CITY

43
Q

Best preserved imperial palace in China.

A

PALACE OF HEAVENLY PURITY

44
Q

Located in Beijing, China
Built by Emperor Zhu Di

A

PALACE OF HEAVENLY PURITY

45
Q

Built by Qin Shih Huang Ti
For protection of China against the nomads from the North

A

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

46
Q

Based on their function, ancient Chinese architecture could be divided into 9 types:

A
  1. Defense systems
  2. Imperials buildings
  3. Mausoleums
  4. Worship buildings
  5. Religious architecture
  6. Academy
  7. Recognition architecture
  8. Landscape Chinese Gardens
  9. Folk residents
47
Q

have the most diversities based on geological differences.

A

FOLK RESIDENTS

48
Q

It is for people to hold sacrificial ceremonies of for the memorial, such as the Temple of Heaven and folk ancestral halls.

A

WORSHIP BUILDINGS

49
Q

the only man made structure that can be seen on the outer space

A

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

50
Q

the interlocking wood bracket construction method that connects columns and beams, made sure the walls don’t take too much load bearing, giving people more chances to survive frequent natural disasters like earthquakes.

A

DOUGONG

51
Q

bracket system

A

DOUGONG

52
Q

was widely used to
build traditional architecture

A

TIMBER

53
Q

were only used for city walls and mausoleums.

A

STONES

54
Q

constructed in 1584 under the command of Emperor Wanli, to praise exceptional achievements of the grand secretariat Xu Guo

A

XU GUO SHI FANG

55
Q

67.31 meters hight, the world’s oldest and tallest wooden pagoda

A

TA OF FOGONG TEMPLE

HOA 3: CHINESE & JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE (3 decks)

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