CHINA AOS 2 Flashcards
What were the Causes of the Three bad years? (famine)
Policies in the great leap foreward such as:
1. poor agriculture
2. unrealistic industry goals (surpassing Britain and the US)
3. Mao exporting grain internationally
4. four pests campaign
How many died in the three bad years famine?
30-40 million
How many were sent to labor camps in the anti rightist campaigns?
300,000-400,000 for up to 20 years
“the state was the ultimate…
land lord” (FAIRBANK)
“Until Mao said so…
there was no famine” - RYAN
what were the anti-rightist campaigns?
rightist sent to countryside for re-education. (They criticised fundamentals of socialism in hundred flowers campaign)
describe mao’s role during cultural revolution
“cult of Mao”
little red book - encouraged to use in day to day lives
“mother is close, father is close…
but neither are as close as chairman mao”
To what extent did the CCP create change in the new society?
Social - antirightist + thought reform (removed capitalism from society)
Economic - great leap forward (attempts to boost industry and agriculture but resulted in famine)
what were positive and negative outcomes of the great leap forward?
positive:
- education improved
- workers had guaranteed wages
negative:
- faulty statistics + no one to use machines
- peasants have no insentive to produce grain
what was collectivisation?
land taken from peasants and replaced by collective ownership by the state
what were the 4 policies of the great leap forward?
- Industry
- peoples communes
- backyard steel production
- four pests
why did mao launch the cultural revolution?
to restore socialism and eradicate capitalist views from society and government
Mao felt there was still inequality because people were richer in the cities than the countryside
what role did the red guards play in the cultural revolution?
(chinese youth, uni students)
used by mao to purge “counter revolutionary” elements from society
targeted intellectuals and elites who were denounced during “struggle sessions”
REMOVED 4 OLDS
what was the hundred flowers campaign?
Mao encouraged greater freedom of expressionn amongst interllectuals (valued by communists)
people expressed dissatisfaction with CCP’s “monopoly of power”
communist unhappy with response “poisonous weeds”
what were those who criticised CCP in the hundred flowers called by communists
“poisonous weeds”
(who said?) the three bad years were a “holocaust of -
hunger” - TOM RYAN
What were some acts by the red guards during the cultural revolution?
removed 4 olds (CHIC)
destroyed artefacts, temples etc
Targeted interlectuals - “struggle sessions”
caused violence and chaos
what were the initial reforms?
Fanshen (land reform)
Sanfan (3 antis)
Wufan (5 antis)
how many killed in cultural revolution?
650,000
when was the great leap forward?
1958-1962
(the great leap forward) “relied ultimately on…
the revolutionary enthousiasm of the masses” - maurice meisner
(the cultural revolution) “was maos last attempt to…
revive a revolution he believed was dying” - maurice meisner
