China

Question 1

Role of Agriculture

Answer 1

Livestock revolution

Wheat breading

Biotechnical breeding improvements, e.g. Maize, soy bean

Beijing green Angel soil- resistant to desertification

Question 2

Role of Aid

Answer 2

Since 1950s, been an aid receiving country

But also a donor

Question 3

Role of Education

Answer 3

Parents huge expectations and sacrifices

1986- law making at least 9 years education compulsory

Question 4

Role of Physical factors

Answer 4

huge coastlines, close to trade between many countries and continents.

Question 5

Role of Government policies and incentives

Answer 5

Pushing price of agriculture products and subsidizing farmers.

Question 6

Role of Manufacturing

Answer 6

27% of China’s workforce is in the manufacturing sector

Question 7

Role of Inward investment by TNCs

Answer 7

Very low wages
2010- FDI $60bn
2015- now a net investor, shows economic maturity and growth

Question 8

Role of International trade agreements

Answer 8

Invests in countries all over Africa in infrastructure and companies.

Also the ‘workshop’ of the world

Question 9

China Initially

Answer 9

Export oriented path to industrialisation

Question 10

Labour Supply

Answer 10

Plentiful supply, from rural-urban migrants in search of work due to agriculture mechanism

Question 11

Wages and Unemployment

Answer 11

4% now

Higher rates drove wages down, attracted lots of FDI

Question 12

Female participation in workforce

Answer 12

Higher than average

One-child Policy helped, made women more available to work

Question 13

Political System

Answer 13

Planned Economy

5 year planned reforms

Accelerated growth

Question 14

Strong leadership

Answer 14

Chinese politicians feels greater responsibility to the nation

Question 15

Free Market Economics

Answer 15

Since 1978, has been moving away from centrally planned economy

Question 16

Export-Led growth

Answer 16

Initially pursued by China, moving toward import substitution for growing middle-class

Question 17

SEZ and FDI

Answer 17

FDI encouraged in particular areas, cities, where government would relax regulations and reduce tax rates

Question 18

Economic Diversification

Answer 18

R&D, Specialist Manufacturing and Hi-Tech industry

Reducing narrow economic base

Question 19

Education

Answer 19

Literacy levels have risen massively to 95%, huge amount of unskilled still, growing highly skilled though

Question 20

Raw materials

Answer 20

Huge amount of natural resources reserves, also is a major importer, needs them to fuel huge industrial development

Question 21

The three gorges dam

Answer 21

Needed to meet huge demand for energy, and wants to develop new sources

Navigation along Yangtze have also helped development

Question 22

Olympic factor

Answer 22

Perfect opportunity to showcase nation

Question 23

Social Consequences of rapid growth

Answer 23

Huge inequality between south+east and agricultural north

People in poorer countries benefit from their FDI

Question 24

Economic consequences of rapid growth

Answer 24

Improved standard of living for many in its country and other countries

Question 25

Environmental consequences of rapid growth

Answer 25

some of the worst air pollution levels on planet, global warming

high levels of sewage in water courses

Question 26

Political consequences of rapid growth

Answer 26

Pressure of demand

altered world geopolitics by loaning money and trading actively and flexing muscle