China Flashcards
What is the Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED)?
US-China “platform to promote bilateral understanding, expand consensus, discuss differences, build mutual trust, and increase cooperation;” joint projects and initiatives
What is one act President Obama did to promote positive US-China relations?
a reciprocal visa validity arrangement with China, increasing the validity of short-term tourist and business visas issued to each other’s citizens from 1 to 10 years, and increasing the validity of student and exchange visas from 1 to 5 years.
What 4 principal areas do US assistance programs to China focus on?
- supporting efforts on environmental protection and climate-change mitigation
- advancing the rule of law and human rights
- assisting Tibetan communities
- addressing the threat of pandemic diseases
What are the two main elements of the U.S. approach to its economic relations with China?
- integrating China into the global, rules-based economic and trading system
- expanding U.S. exporters’ and investors’ access to the Chinese market
What was trade between the US and China in 1992? 2013?
$33 billion to $659 billion
T/F China is not the US’s largest export market
True
What rank is China in US export markets?
3rd (behind Mexico and Canada)
T/F The US is not the China’s largest export market
FALSE– they are!
What was the stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in China in 2014?
$65.8 billion
When did The People’s Republic of China assume the China seat at the United Nations, replacing Taiwan?
1971
When was the first voyage of direct trade between the US and China? Who embarked on it?
1784; the ship “Empress of China”
When did formal recognition by the United States of the Empire of Chin and by the Empire of China of the United States happen?
June 16, 1844
Which ports were the start of official consular relations with the appointments of a U.S. consul? When?
Fuzhou (Foochow) and Xiamen (Amoy) in 1844
What is the Shang Dynasty? When did it unites much of north central China?
the first Chinese state for which clear written records remain; unites much of north central China.
Which dominant force replaced the Shang Dynasty? When?
Zhou dynasty; 1045-ca 770 BC
When did the Zho state collapse? What did it collapse into?
770 BC; loose association of warring states, known as the Eastern Zhou
Who united the Chinese heartland for the first time? When was his reign?
King Ying Zheng of Qin; 221-206 BC
Who did the Norwegian Nobel Committee’s award the 2010 Peace Prize to?
jailed Chinese activist Liu Xiaobo, who was jailed in 2009
What did the Chinese government’s first white paper on the internet emphasize? When did they publish it?
emphasized the concept of “Internet sovereignty,” requiring all Internet users in China, including foreign organizations and individuals, to abide by Chinese laws and regulations; May 2010
What are Chinese Internet companies now required to sign?
Public Pledge on Self-Regulation and Professional Ethics for China Internet Industry
France-based watchdog group Reporters Without Borders ranked China ____ out of ___ countries in its 2014 worldwide index of press freedom
175/180
What is most powerful monitoring body in China?
Communist Party’s Central Propaganda Department (CPD)
Some estimates say that the government employs roughly ______ people, hired both by the state and private companies, to constantly monitor China’s Internet.
100,000
What is the center of the government’s online censorship and surveillance effort?
Golden Shield Project, known colloquially as the Great Firewall
What are some of the methods the Great Firewall uses? bandwidth throttling, keyword filtering, and blocking access to certain websites
bandwidth throttling, keyword filtering (Deep Packet Inspection technology,) and blocking access to certain websites
As of December, 2014, _____ journalists were imprisoned in China
44
What is Charter 8? When was it signed?
statement signed by more than two thousand prominent Chinese citizens that called for political and human rights reforms and an end to one-party rule; 2008
When was the directive on journalist press passes bars reporters from releasing information from interviews or press conferences on social media without permission of their employer media organizations?
July 2014
In 2015, the Chinese government cracked down on _____
virtual private networks (VPNs)
___ % of respondents in a 2014 survey conducted by the Foreign Correspondents’ Club of China said their work conditions had worsened or stayed the same compared to 2013
80
Describe 2 instances when the treatment of foreign reporters became a diplomatic issue.
- In response to the Arab Spring protests in early 2011, then Secretary of State Hillary Clinton pledged to continue U.S. efforts to weaken censorship in countries with repressive governments like China and Iran. In response, Beijing warned Washington to not meddle in the internal affairs of other countries.
- On a December 2013 trip to Beijing, Vice President Joe Biden pressed China publicly and privately about press freedom, directly raising the issue in talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping and meeting with U.S. journalists working in China.
What was the new cybersecurity regulations China issued in January 2015?
would force technology firms to submit source code, undergo rigorous inspections, and adopt Chinese encryption algorithms. The move triggered an outcry from European and U.S. companies, who lobbied governmental authorities for urgent aid in reversing the implementation of new regulations?
According to Congress, what percentage of Chinese Internet users use proxy servers and VPNs to get around firewalls?
between 1 and 8 %
How many internet users did China have in 2014?
roughly 642 million
