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Modern Studies > China > Flashcards

China Flashcards

1
Q

Political ideologies

A

CAPITALISM

  • USA,UK,France,Japan
  • individuals are free to own their own land/property/businesses(profits are kept)

SOCIALISM

  • businesses/factories and industries are own by the communist collectively(believe equality is key)
  • in favour of state run health care/education

COMMUNISM

  • all inequalities would be eradicated
  • wealth is distributed equally(taken from the watery and redistributed amongst the workers
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2
Q

Political institutions (CCP)

A
  • only political party that can ever rule China
  • 73 million members(makes it the biggest political party in the world)
  • oversee/ influence peoples lives(how many kids they can have,education to the military)
  • unrepresentative of China as a whole as only 20% are woman
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3
Q

Political institutions ( The politburo )

A
  • countrys most senior decision making body
  • every significant decision is discussed and approved by 24 members, but the real power lies within it’s 9 member standing community
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4
Q

Political institutions( National peoples congress)

A
  • made up of nearly 3000 delegates
  • has the power to change the constitution and make laws
  • 70% of its delegates are party members
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5
Q

Political participation and limitations (joining the CCP)

A
  • have the right to join the CCP, but must be recommended by 2 existing members
  • must undergo extensive tests into the background
  • face a years probation involving tests and training
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6
Q

Political participation and limitations(voting in elections)

A
  • can vote for their village chief(held every 3 years)
  • everyone over 18 has the right to vote/be elected
  • a higher level of government will always supervise
  • the winner is usually invited to join the CCP
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7
Q

Political participation and limitations(campaigning during elections)

A
  • have the right to campaign(posters,banners, door to door visits)
  • the CCP keep a close eye on everyone campaigning
  • not allowed t campaign against the CCP
  • citizens must hate until 2 weeks before the election to start campaigning
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8
Q

Political participation and limitations( taking part in protests/demonstrations)

A

-you are allowed, but must apply to the CCP for permission -restricted in the issues they can protest about;
NOT ALLOWED TO TAKE PART IN DEMONSTRATIONS THAT CRITICISE THE CCP IN ANY WAY
- this could lead to heave jail sentences
-77 applicants to protest against the 2008 olympics were rejected

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9
Q

Economy( SEZ’s)

A
  • areas are free trade areas where the government provided financial support to encourage economic investment
  • the most successful SEZ in china is Shenzhen( was a small fishing village before, is now a city with over 12 million people
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10
Q

Economy( Household responsibility system)

A
  • each family is responsible for managing plots of land
  • the land is leased, and the family is given contracts from the government to produce certain crops(once the amount needed by the government is reached, any extra can be sold for a profit on the open market
  • crop yields rose from 304 million tonnes to 407 million tones
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11
Q

Economy(4 modernisations)

A
  • Deng Xioping introduced modernisations in AGRICULTURE,INDUSTRY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND THE ARMY
  • human labour was replaced with machinery
  • schools and UNI’s were encouraged to help people gain qualifications in any of the 4 fields
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12
Q

Modern China

A
  • -is one of the 10 largest economies
  • consumer more coal,steel,meat and grain than any other nation
  • worlds 5th largest exporter
  • in 2006,80% of the worlds consumer electronics were made in China
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13
Q

Human rights ( one(2) child policy)

A
  • meant that couples could only have 1 child
    -those who had more than one child would NOT receive free education,childcare, or healthcare
    -birthd rate has fallen since 1979, and the rate of population is now 0.7%
    HAS NOW BEEN RELAXED TO A 2 CHILD POLICY
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14
Q

Human rights(Death penalty)

A
  • drug trafficking , aggravated murdr and other serious violent crimes can lead to the death penalty
  • -traditionally uses the firing squad as a method of execution, but have now opted for the lethal injection
  • exact number of executions is a state secret
  • cheaper method- metal injection 300 yuan- 700 yuan firing squad
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15
Q

Human rights(Laogai)

A
  • translates to reform through labour
  • way to punish and reform the population
  • estimated that in 50 years, 50 million people have been sent to laogai camps
  • prisoners were denied adequate foot and clothing/ routinely beaten
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16
Q

Human rights(Tiananmen square)

A
  • many students protested against the government for being undemocratic
  • 100,000 student marched though the streets on 27th April 1989
  • Chinese government used force to remove the protesters(opened fire)
  • news channels were banned from recording/taking pictures
17
Q

Hukou

A
  • main problem in China is OVERPOPULATION
  • family registration programme (mini passport) that restricts movement
  • individuals were categorised into rural and urban and were required to stay/work within their area
  • if you move, you will not get health care/eduation
18
Q

Hukou(shanty towns)

A
  • becoming the worst in the world
  • people are not eligible to live in a are, so the move illegally to the rooftops(not enough houses) and build makeshift homes
  • largest one- Inner Mongolia- Beliun- home to 130,000
19
Q

Hukou(one child policy)

A
  • can only have 1 child
  • wont receive benefits
  • birth rate has fallen
20
Q

Socio-economic inequalities(employment)

A
  • not creating enough high quality position to soak up it’s educated youngsters
  • in 2013,229,000 students graduated, but there was only 98,000 jobs available
  • salaries available in jobs are relatively low(comparable with migrant worker with a middle school education)

government implemented a series of measures to make graduates more informed and better equipped to deal with the realities of today’s job market

  • vowed to revamp the college system to bring it more into line with the actually needs of business
    ex. you are encouraged to set up your own business(will be exempt from administration fees and can apply for a low inters loan for up to 100,000 yuan
21
Q

Socio-economic inequalities(education)

A
  • teachers are paid more in urban areas- rural ares= under qualified teachers
  • 25% of student cannot complete their junior high schooling in rural areas
  • schools are drastically overcrowded(family pay for the forint seat)
  • levels of achievement are measured by wealth and private connections

the government is making school mandatory until he age of 9(government funds it)
the CCP allows private schools to be set up to deal with overcrowding, but closely monitors them

22
Q

Socio-economic inequalities(sanitation)

A
  • poor areas do not have access so safe water and sanitation(access is related to income)
  • In 2008, 16% of schools were without a water supply
  • unsafe water and poor sanitation accounted for 62,800 deaths in 2005

the government invited SAVE THE CHILDREN to help
- in the last 10 years 54% of the population had access to improved driving water

23
Q

Socio-economic inequalities(health care)

A

-not comprehensive, of poor quality and too expensive for the poor
-rural=39% of people cannot afford health care
only 12% of people have health insurance, compared with 54% in urban areas
rural areas have barefoot doctors as part of a co-operative medical scheme

central government has allocated £270 million to help every province, city and county set up it’s own disease control centre

Modern Studies (3 decks)

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