China Flashcards

1
Q

Cadres

A

small groups of people trained to take on specific roles within gov’t, party, or state-owned enterprises

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2
Q

Campaigns

A

gov’t led initiatives designed to promote specific policies, goals, or idealogical shifts and can involve mass mobilization of people, resources, local gov’t, etc.

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3
Q

Central Committee

A

key-decision making body within CCP made up of high-ranking officials & party members

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4
Q

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

A

ruling political party in China & has governed country since establisment of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

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5
Q

Cultural Rev

A

sociopolitical movement initiated by Mao Zedong to preserve communist idealogy by removing capitalist & traditional elements from Chinese society

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6
Q

Factional

A

divisions or conflicts b/t diff groups within larger organization, movement, or society

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7
Q

Falun Gong

A

spiritual practice originated in China combining elements of traditional Chinese exercises, meditation, & moral philosophy based on truthfulness, compassion, etc.

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8
Q

Four Modernizations

A

reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping to modernize & strengthen country: focusing on four key areas: agriculture, industry, defense, science/tech

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9
Q

Gang of Four

A

group of 4 Chinese Communist Party leaders who were powerful during Cultural rev (pushed Mao’s cultural rev policies & targeted Mao’s political opponents, controlled propoganda, etc.)

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10
Q

Great Leap Forward

A

socio-economic campaign led by Mao Zedong from to rapidly transform China from an agrarian society into a modernized industrialized state

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11
Q

Hundred Flowers Campaign

A

political movement initiated by Mao encouraging citizens to openly express their opinions & criticism of CCP

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12
Q

Kuomintang (KMT)

A

political party founded by Sun Yat-sen → played significant role in overthrowing Qing dynasty & establishing People’s Republic of China

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13
Q

Long March

A

massive military retreat by CCP to escape attacks from KMT during Chinese Civil War

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14
Q

May Fourth Movement

A

student led protest against foreign-influence & weak gov’t responses to ToV (which gave China territory to Japan instead of returning it)

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15
Q

People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

A

military of china during Chinese Civil War & armed wing of CCP (key role in helping CCP win civil war against KMT)

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16
Q

Politburo

A

group of senior leaders in communist party & key decision-making body that helps govern & set policies for country

17
Q

Princelings

A

group of influential individuals in China → descendents of revolutionary leaders or high-ranking communist leaders (like Mao Zedong / Deng Xiaoping)

18
Q

Red Guards

A

groups of radical students & young people in China who supported Mao during Cultural Rev.

19
Q

Red Hat

A

symbolized loyalty to Mao Zedong & CCP’s ideologies and overall party

20
Q

Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

A

specific areas in country where business & trade laws diff than rest of country to attract foreign investment, boost economic growth, & create jobs

21
Q

Standing Committee

A

most powerful decision-making body in CCP & plays central role in governing China

22
Q

Tiananmen Square Protests

A

pro-democracy movement in China led by students demanding political reforms, freedom of speech, & corruption of gov’t

23
Q

Chiang Kai-shek

A

political & military leader who led KMT against Civil War w/ Mao’s communist party

24
Q

Deng Xiaopeng

A

political leader who played major role in transofmring China’s economy to economic powerhouse w/ his reforms during Cultural rev

25
Q

Mao Zedong

A

leader of communist party & founding father of People’s Republic of China (after winning Civil War)

26
Q

Sun Yat-sen

A

played central role in Xinhai Revolution which helped overthrow Qing Dynasty & laid foundation for Republic of China (ROC)

27
Q

Xi Jinping

A

prez of China currently & head of CCP & military → most powerful person in China (maintains tight control over China)

28
Q

Zhou Enlai

A

founding member of CCP & helped communist win against KMT during Chinese Civil War & served as 1st Premier of People’s Republic of China (head of gov’t → close ally w/ Mao)