China Flashcards
Cadres
small groups of people trained to take on specific roles within gov’t, party, or state-owned enterprises
Campaigns
gov’t led initiatives designed to promote specific policies, goals, or idealogical shifts and can involve mass mobilization of people, resources, local gov’t, etc.
Central Committee
key-decision making body within CCP made up of high-ranking officials & party members
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
ruling political party in China & has governed country since establisment of People’s Republic of China (PRC)
Cultural Rev
sociopolitical movement initiated by Mao Zedong to preserve communist idealogy by removing capitalist & traditional elements from Chinese society
Factional
divisions or conflicts b/t diff groups within larger organization, movement, or society
Falun Gong
spiritual practice originated in China combining elements of traditional Chinese exercises, meditation, & moral philosophy based on truthfulness, compassion, etc.
Four Modernizations
reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping to modernize & strengthen country: focusing on four key areas: agriculture, industry, defense, science/tech
Gang of Four
group of 4 Chinese Communist Party leaders who were powerful during Cultural rev (pushed Mao’s cultural rev policies & targeted Mao’s political opponents, controlled propoganda, etc.)
Great Leap Forward
socio-economic campaign led by Mao Zedong from to rapidly transform China from an agrarian society into a modernized industrialized state
Hundred Flowers Campaign
political movement initiated by Mao encouraging citizens to openly express their opinions & criticism of CCP
Kuomintang (KMT)
political party founded by Sun Yat-sen → played significant role in overthrowing Qing dynasty & establishing People’s Republic of China
Long March
massive military retreat by CCP to escape attacks from KMT during Chinese Civil War
May Fourth Movement
student led protest against foreign-influence & weak gov’t responses to ToV (which gave China territory to Japan instead of returning it)
People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
military of china during Chinese Civil War & armed wing of CCP (key role in helping CCP win civil war against KMT)
Politburo
group of senior leaders in communist party & key decision-making body that helps govern & set policies for country
Princelings
group of influential individuals in China → descendents of revolutionary leaders or high-ranking communist leaders (like Mao Zedong / Deng Xiaoping)
Red Guards
groups of radical students & young people in China who supported Mao during Cultural Rev.
Red Hat
symbolized loyalty to Mao Zedong & CCP’s ideologies and overall party
Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
specific areas in country where business & trade laws diff than rest of country to attract foreign investment, boost economic growth, & create jobs
Standing Committee
most powerful decision-making body in CCP & plays central role in governing China
Tiananmen Square Protests
pro-democracy movement in China led by students demanding political reforms, freedom of speech, & corruption of gov’t
Chiang Kai-shek
political & military leader who led KMT against Civil War w/ Mao’s communist party
Deng Xiaopeng
political leader who played major role in transofmring China’s economy to economic powerhouse w/ his reforms during Cultural rev
Mao Zedong
leader of communist party & founding father of People’s Republic of China (after winning Civil War)
Sun Yat-sen
played central role in Xinhai Revolution which helped overthrow Qing Dynasty & laid foundation for Republic of China (ROC)
Xi Jinping
prez of China currently & head of CCP & military → most powerful person in China (maintains tight control over China)
Zhou Enlai
founding member of CCP & helped communist win against KMT during Chinese Civil War & served as 1st Premier of People’s Republic of China (head of gov’t → close ally w/ Mao)