China Flashcards
The art of each dynasty can be distinguished by its?
Unique Characteristics and developments.
Earliest Treasures of Chinese Art
Jade Carvings & Cast Bronzes
The earlist surviving examples of Chinese painting are fragments of painting on silk, stone, and lacquer items dating to …
The Warring States Period
Beginning with the establishment of the Easterm Jin Dynasty, __ & ___ were highly appreciated arts in court circles.
Painting and Calligraphy
The earliest paintings of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
figure paintings, landscapes & bird and flower
The first pictorial decorations were ___ & ___, which eventually evolved into symmetrical - geometric abstract designs, some painted.
Fish & Human Faces
The most distinctive feature of _____ culture was the extensive use of painted pottery, especially human facial, animal, and geometric designs.
Yangshao
According to archaeologists, Yangshao society was based around…
Matriarchal clans
Excavations have found that ____ were buried in painted pottery jars.
Children
Tools such as hammerheads, ax heads, and knives were made of jade nephrite during the _____ period.
Neolithic
The jade from this culture is characterized by finely worked, large ritual jades such as Cong cylinders, Bi discs, Yue axes, pendants, and decorations in the form of chiseled open-work plaques, plates, and representations of small birds, turtles and fish.
Liangzhu Culture
____ has a white, milky bone-like aspect due to its origin as Tremolite rock and the influence of water-based fluids at the burial sites.
Liangzhu Jade
The Bronze Age in China began with the ___
Xia Dynasty
The _____ are recognized for their bronze casting, and noted for their clarity of detail.
Shang dynasty
Shang bronzes became appreciated as works of art during the
Song Dynasty
_____ Covers a wide range of white pottery and porcelain decorated under the glaze with a blue pigment, generally cobalt oxide.
Blue and white pottery
The ___ was brief in duration but very important in Chinese history.
Qin Dynasty
China is derived from the name
Qin
Following the Zhou Dynasty, ____ became involved in a seemingly endless conflict between the various regions for supreme control country.
China
The ____ bore a strong resemblance to some of the forms of feudalism in medieval Europe, which is why the Zhou age is sometimes referred to as a feudal age.
Zhou Government
Composed of a network of city-states loyal to the Zhou king, from which military and political control spread over the surrounding farming villages.
China
Transferred titles of the nobility and huge estates to the chief of Qin.
King Ping of Zhou
The Qin statesman _____ advocated total war and a disregard for the polite policies of battle which Chinese generals had always adhered to.
Shang Yang
About 230 BCE, when the final campaign to unify China began it is estimated that ___ controlled one-third of all the land under cultivation in China and one-third of China’s total population.
Qin
He approved of Shang Yang’s policies and implemented them across his realm.
Emperor Shi Huangdi
Organize on the basis of public or state ownership: collectivized agriculture
Collectivization
The ____ actually connected sections of several existing short walls, and the other a ______ for the first emperor, which contained a hall of the state some 1,500 feet (450 meters) square.
Great Wall of China and Great Palace
First built the walls to prevent the aggression from neighboring Jin, Qi and Qin States
Duke of Chu state
Ordered the General Mengtian to connect and extend the separate walls of former states
Emperor Qin Shihuang
Commanded to build the Great Wall to protect the safety of the Silk Road.
Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty
The first emperor of Ming. started the renovation of the Gubeikou Great Wall, and general Qi Jiguang restored many sections we see today in 16th century.
Zhu Yuangzhang
In the year 210 BCE emperor ____ died on a journey through the realm.
Shi Huangdi
He became obsessed with death and the hope of eternal life. It is also said, he never slept in the same room in his palace two nights consecutively and he ordered the construction of his elaborate tomb (including his Terracotta Army of 8,000 warriors) early on his reign.
Shi Huangdi
Refers to the thousands of life-size clay models of soldiers, horses, and chariots which were deposited around the grand mausoleum of Shi Huangdi, first emperor of China and founder of the Qin dynasty, located near Lishan in Shaanxi Province, central China.
The Terracotta Army
This dynasty witnessed a significant revival in Chinese art, compared to the preceding era of the Qin Dynasty
Han Dynasty
Three areas of particular achievement by the Han Dynasty.
Chinese Pottery, Jade Carving, Silk weaving and Chinese painting (on paper)
Founded by Emperor Gaozu, The Han Dynasty divides into two periods:
The Western Han (Changan) & The Eastern Han (Luoyang)
A progressive period in Chinese history, the Han Dynasty was responsible for numerous technological and scientific achievements including:
Water clocks, sundials, astronomical instruments, and the development of paper
The art of the Han Dynasty was fuelled both by a ________ with its consequent economic prosperity and the development and highly successful combination of ____, ____, and ____.
- Political stability
- Brushes, ink and paper
These two art forms would remain the two most important forms of artistic expression in China for the next two millenia.
Painting and Calligraphy
_____ was already well, developed, and styles had evolved in surfaces such as bronze, stone, and bone, but the fluidity of paper and brush would lead to many more new styles of writing over the following centuries.
Engraved Calligraphy
This had long been used as a medium for painting, but the increase in paper use and the greater availability of books were certainly a factor in the increase in painting.
Silk
As with chinese painting in general, the aim of the artist was not to copy exactly reality but….
always to represent the essence of a subject.
These were stamped and carved, with relief scenes similar to those seen in paintings and are particularly common in tombs.
Bricks
This was a new departure for Chinese art, creating permanent artworks in….
durable materials
This was especially esteemed for its rarity, durability, purity, and certain mystical qualities. The material was carved into all manner of animals, people, and mythical creatures.
Jade
The fall of the HAN dynasty happened because of it’s own success.
- Growth Population
-The financial difficulties brought on by increasing wealth
-Rivalries - Every more complex political institution
Main result of the fall of HAN dynasty
China experiences 300 year period of disunity.
The first emperor of Qin
Yin Zheng
Beijing Artist who creates porcelain clothing themed by Chinese ceramics.
Li Xiaofeng
