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South America > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

1
Q

What beverage was made by the native Mapuche with Spanish grapevines?

A

Chicha (a cooked, partially fermented beverage)

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2
Q

Who issued an edict banning the plantings of new vineyards in their American colonies? When?

A

King Philip II of Spain. 1595.
The ban was widely ignored.

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3
Q

Who was Claude Gay?

A

A French-born naturalist working in Chile, he brought dozens of French grapevine cuttings to Chile in the 1830s

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4
Q

Who is sometimes referred to as the “father of Chilean wine”? What winery did he found and when?

A

Silvestre Ochagavía.
Viña Ochagavía. 1851.

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5
Q

Name 3 Chilean wineries that emerged in the late 1800s.

A

Cousiño Macul (1856)
Viña Errázuriz (1870)
Concha y Toro (1883)

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6
Q

Which wineries dominate the market in Chile?

A

Concha y Toro, Santa Rita, and San Pedro

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7
Q

Who is Augusto Pinochet and what effect did he have on the Chilean wine market?

A

Chilean dictator from 1973 - 1990. After production quota caps and anti-alcohol laws established by the previously socialist government had stymied growth Pinichet’s liberalisation of the free market helped re-establish Chile’s wine export market

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8
Q

What advancements in winemaking did Miguel Torres introduce to Chile?

A

Temperature controlled stainless steel fermentation vats, new barriques, pneumatic presses
VSP training

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9
Q

Who took over Los Vascos in Colchagua, Chile in 1988?

A

Domaines Barons de Rothschild-Lafite

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10
Q

When was Laposotolle founded? By whom?

A

1994
Marnier-Laposotolle

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11
Q

Who launched Viña Aquitania in 1990?

A

Bruno Prats (former owner of Cos d’Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (former managing director of Chateau Margaux)

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12
Q

Who collaborated on Almaviva?

A

Baron Philippe de Rothschild and Concha y Toro (1997)

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13
Q

Who founded Seña?

A

Robert Mondavi and Eduardo Chadwick of Viña Errázuriz (1995)

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14
Q

Who started Aristos?
Where is it?

A

Louis-Michel Liger-Belair and Pedro Parra
Cachapoal Valley

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15
Q

What are the two most important mountain ranges in Chile?

A

The Andes and the Cordilleras de la Costs (Coastal Range)

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16
Q

What are the three zones of Chile?

A

Norte Chico, Zona Central, Zona Sur

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17
Q

What year was Chile’s DO system established?

A

1994

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18
Q

What geographical feature helped define the DO regions of Chile? What are the limitations of this division?

A

River running down from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean that divided Chile into E-W valleys.
As winemakers move closer to the Andean foothills or the Pacific ocean it is clear that terroir is best delineated by the Coast, the intermediate depression, and the Andes

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19
Q

What cold water current flows Northward up the Chilean coast?

A

The Humboldt current

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20
Q

What causes El Niño?

A

A warming and weakening of the Humboldt current dramatically increases rainfall, the effects can last for a year or longer

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21
Q

What is the predominant soil type of Chile’s coastal range?
How was the range formed geologically?

A

Granite w/ schist and slate
Accretion from the oceanic plate sliding beneath the the South American plate

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22
Q

What are the Región Vitícola of Chile?

A

Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Valle Central, Sur, and Austral

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23
Q

Where and when was Carmenère first found and identified in Chile?

A

Viña Carmen in Maipo Valley
1994

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24
Q

What was Carmenère called before it was identified as a distinct variety?

A

Merlot Chileno

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25
Q

What does Carmenère take its name from?

A

From the word Carmine because its leave turn a deep red in Autumn

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26
Q

What is Carmenère a crossing of?

A

Cabernet Franc x Gros Cabernet (a crossing of Fer and Hondarribi Beltza)

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27
Q

Name 3 high end wines made from Carmenère

A

Errázuriz “Kai”
Concha y Toro “Carmín de Peumo”
Montes “Purple Angel”

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28
Q

Can país be varietally labelled in Chile?

A

NO

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29
Q

What is Pipeño in Chile?

A

Typically made from País grapes or often a field blend of white and red grapes from old vines (usually Criolla- dominant)

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30
Q

What is a Zaranda?

A

A bamboo mat that sits over the fermentation tank and used as a destemmer in Chile

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31
Q

What are Pipas?

A

Large pipe-shaped vats made from native raulí wood in Chile

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32
Q

What are tinajas?

A

Clay amphorae traditional to wine making in Chile

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33
Q

What French winemaker is famous for the “rediscovery” of País in Chile?

A

Louis-Antoine Luyt (mentored by Marcel Lapierre)

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34
Q

Who made the first ever sparkling rosè país?

A

Miguel Torres

35
Q

What is Chile’s northern most winemaking region?

A

Atacama DO

36
Q

What are the two important river valleys in Atacama for grape growing?

A

Huasco and Copaipó river valleys

37
Q

How is a Chilean pisco sour different from a Peruvian one?

A

A Chilean pisco sour does not incorporate egg white and traditionally uses the Pica lemon from the Atacama dessert

38
Q

What are the subregions of Coquimbo?

A

Valle de Elqui
Valle de Limarí
Valle de Choapa

39
Q

What 3 new divisions for DOs in Chile were introduced in 2012?

A

Costa, Entre Cordilleras, and Andes

40
Q

What are Elqui’s skies known for?

A

Some of the clearest skies in the world, unparalleled for star gazing

41
Q

What town did Chile name in an effort to claim an appellation of origin for Pisco? Did it work?

A

Pisco Elqui
No

42
Q

What grape varietals are emerging in Elqui?

A

Syrah, Sauvignon Blanc (on the coast), and Pedro Ximénez (in the mountains)

43
Q

What grape is Limarí becoming known for? Why?

A

Chardonnay. Calcareous soils (chalk / limestone from shells and bones of sea creatures)

44
Q

What are the subregions of Anconcagua?

A

Valle del Anconcagua
Valle de Casablanca
Valle de San Antonio

45
Q

From what geographical feature does the Anconcagua region take its name?

A

The Anconcagua river, which in turn is named after Mt.Anconcagua (the highest peak in South America, lies in Argentina)

46
Q

Who is the most important producer of the Aconcagua valley? When were they established?

A

Viña Errázuriz
1870

47
Q

Who is the current owner of Viña Errázuriz?

A

Eduardo Chadwick

48
Q

Where is Viñedo Chadwick?

A

Maipo

49
Q

What makes Casablanca a “cool climate” region?
Where does it fall on the Winkler scale?

A

A break in the coastal range allows cooling Humboldt current winds in
Region I on the the Winkler scale

50
Q

What winemaker is credited with discovering the potential of Casablanca for Chardonnay?

A

Pablo Morandé of Concha y Toro
1982

51
Q

Which region of Chile requires most of its vines to be grafted onto rootstocks?

A

Casablanca. It’s sandy soils are a magnet for nematodes which kill vines as readily as phylloxera

52
Q

Which Chilean wine region lies West of the coastal range?

A

Valle de San Antonio

53
Q

What are the subzones of the Valle de San Antonio?

A

Valle de Leyda DO
Lo Abarca DO
Rosario (unofficial)

54
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Valle de San Antonio / Valle de Leyda DO?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

55
Q

What valleys make up the Zona Central of Chile?

A

Maipo
Rapel
Curicó
Maule

56
Q

Which region of Chile does Santiago lie in?

A

Maipo Valley

57
Q

What three regions is the Maipo unofficially divided into?

A

Alto Maipo, Medio Maipo, and Maipo costa / Maipo Bajo

58
Q

Which two subregions are in the Maipo Andes?

A

Puente Alto and Pirque

59
Q

Name 3 historic Maipo wineries?

A

Santa Carolina
Cousiño Macul
Concha y Toro

60
Q

Name 3 wineries making Bordeaux style blends in Puente Alto

A

Don Melchor
Almaviva
Viñedo Chadwick

61
Q

What is warmest region of the Zona Central in Chile?

A

Valle del Rapel

62
Q

What DO within Cachapoal is known for Carmenére?

A

Peumo DO

63
Q

Who is behind the project Clos des Fous?

A

Pedro Parra

64
Q

Which region of Chile is home to more Cabernet Sauvignon and Carmenère than any other region in the country?

A

Colchagua DO

65
Q

What is the most important subzone of Colchagua DO?

A

Apalta

66
Q

What does Apalta mean in Mapuche?

A

Earthquake

67
Q

Name two classic Chilean brands in Colchagua DO

A

Casa Silva and Cono Sur

68
Q

Name two French brands in Chile’s Colchagua valley

A

Lapostolle
Los Vascos

69
Q

Where did Miguel Torres launch his winery?

A

Curicó

70
Q

In what DO is Viña Echeverría?

A

Curicó (they do not state the DO on their labels)

71
Q

What is the most common vine training system in Chile?

A

VSP

72
Q

Which valley of Chile has the most vine acreage?

A

Maule Valley

73
Q

What is Vignadores de Carignan?
When was it formed?

A

An association in the Maule valley committed to the preservation of the regions old vine Carignan.
In 2010 after a devastating earthquake

74
Q

What is the trademark for Vignadores de Carignan?

A

VIGNO

75
Q

What are the requirements to use the VIGNO trademark?

A

Min 85% Carignan
Dry farmed
Head trained
At least 30yrs of age
Aged 2yrs prior to release
Must be grown in the West Maule valley

76
Q

What regions makes up Chile’s Sur DO?

A

Valle del Itata DO
Valle del Bío Bío DO
Valle de Malleco DO

77
Q

What is Itata’s most planted red variety?

A

País

78
Q

What is Itata’s most planted white varietal?

A

Moscatel de Alejandría

79
Q

What grapes is the Bío Bío valley known for?

A

Pinot Noir, País, Cinsault, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc

80
Q

What is Chile’s Southern most winemaking region?

A

Austral DO

81
Q

What Colchagua-based brand was the first to use Austral DO on a label?

A

Casa Silva

82
Q

What are the highest elevation vineyards in Chile? How high?

A

Ayllu in the Atacama desert
3,500m (11,480ft) - higher than Altura Maxíma in Argentina

83
Q

Where is Montes based?

A

Colchagua DO

84
Q

What grapes is Montes Purple Angel?
Alpha M?

A

Carmenére
BDX blend from Apalta

South America (3 decks)

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