Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chile > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

1
Q

Valle de Copiapó DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle de Copiapó DO
- Región Vitícola: Atacama
- Major Towns: Copiapó
- DO Areas: None
- Major Grapes: Pisco grapes
- Major Producers: None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Valle del Huasco DO
- Region Viticola
- DO Areas
- Grapes
- Producers?

A

Valle del Huasco DO
- Región Vitícola: Atacama
- DO Areas: None
- Major Grapes: Pisco grapes
- Major Producers: Ventisquero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Valle del Choapa DO
- Region Viticola
- Towns
- DO Areas
- Producers

A

Valle del Choapa DO
- Región Vitícola: Coquimbo
- Major Towns: Illapel
- DO Areas:
—– Andes: Illapel, Salamanca
- Major Producers: Domaine de Manson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Valle del Elqui DO
- Region Viticola
- Towns
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Elqui DO
- Región Vitícola: Coquimbo
- Major Towns: La Serena
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: La Serena
—– Andes: Paiguano, Vicuña
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 525 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Syrah, Pedro Jimenez, Sauvignon Blanc
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 52/48%
- Major Producers: Cavas del Valle, Falernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Valle del Limarí DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Limarí DO
- Región Vitícola: Coquimbo
- Major Towns: Ovalle
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: Ovalle
—– Entre Cordilleras: Punitaqui
—– Andes: Monte Patria, Río Hurtado
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 2,817 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Chardonnay, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Pedro Jimenez
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 46/54%
- Major Producers: Tabalí, Casa Tamaya, Francisco de Aguirre (Concha y Toro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Valle de Casablanca DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle de Casablanca DO
- Región Vitícola: Aconcagua
- Major Towns: Casablanca
- DO Areas: None (The entire DO is considered Costa.)
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 6,047 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Syrah
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 24/76%
- Major Producers: Veramonte, Casas del Bosque, Kingston, Laroche Punto Alto, Morandé, Montsecano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Valle de San Antonio DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Zones
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle de San Antonio DO
- Región Vitícola: Aconcagua
- Major Towns: San Antonio
- DO Zones: Valle de Leyda DO
- DO Areas
—– within Leyda: San Juan, Santo Domingo (both Costa)
—– outside Leyda: Lo Abarca, Cartagena, Algarrobo
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 2,283 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 32/68%
- Major Producers: Matetic, Viña Leyda, Casa Marin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Valle de Leyda DO
- Region Viticola
- Subregion
- DO Areas

A

Valle de Leyda DO
- Región Vitícola: Aconcagua
- Subregion: Valle de San Antonio
- DO Areas: San Juan, Santo Domingo (both Costa)

Valle de Leyda DO is a Zone within Valle de San Antonio DO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Valle del Aconcagua DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Size
- Producers

A

Valle del Aconcagua DO
- Región Vitícola: Aconcagua
- Major Towns: San Felipe, Los Andes
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: Quillota
—– Entre Cordilleras: Hijuelas, Catemu, Panquehue, Llaillay, San Felipe
—– Andes: Santa María, Calle Larga, San Esteban
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 1,207 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Carmenère, Sauvignon Blanc
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 84/16%
- Major Producers: Errázuriz, Seña, Von Siebenthal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Valle de Curicó DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Zones
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle de Curicó DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Major Towns: Curicó
- DO Zones:
—– Valle del Lontué DO
—– Valle del Teno DO
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: Vichuquén, Licantén
—– Entre Cordilleras: Rauco, Sagrada Familia
—– Andes: Romeral, Molina
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 18,510 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Chardonnay, Carmenère
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 60/40%
- Major Producers: San Pedro, Miguel Torres, Valdivieso

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Valle del Lontué DO
- Region Viticola
- Subregion
- DO Areas

A

Valle del Lontué DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Subregion: Valle de Curicó
- DO Areas:
—– Entre Cordilleras: Sagrada Familia
—– Andes: Molina

Valle del Lontué DO is a Zone of Valle de Curicó DO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Valle del Teno DO
- Region Viticola
- Subregion
- DO Areas

A

Valle del Teno DO

  • Región Vitícola: Valle Central
  • Subregion: Valle de Curicó
  • DO Areas:
    —– Costa: Vichuquén, Licantén
    —– Entre Cordilleras: Rauco
    —– Andes: Romeral

Valle del Teno DO is a Zone of Valle de Curicó

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Valle del Maipo DO
- Region Viticola
- Major City
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Maipo DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Major City: Santiago
- DO Areas:
—– Entre Cordilleras: Isla de Maipo, Talagante, Melipilla, Alhué, María Pinto, Colina, Calera de Tango, Til Til, Lampa
—– Andes: Santiago, Pirque, Puente Alto, Buin
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 12,679 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 86/14%
- Major Producers: Concha y Toro, Santa Rita, Carmen, Santa Carolina, Cousiño Macul, Almaviva, Haras de Pirque, Ventisquero, Odfjell, De Martino, Antiyal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Valle del Maule DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Zones
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Maule DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Major Towns: Cauquenes, Linares, Talca
- DO Zones:
—– Valle del Claro DO
—– Valle del Loncomilla DO
—– Valle del Tutuvén DO
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: Empedrado, Curepto
—– Entre Cordilleras: Talca, Pencahue, San Rafael, San Javier, Villa Alegre, Parral, Linares, Longaví, Retiro, Cauquenes
—– Andes: San Clemente, Colbún
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 31,831 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, País, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Carmenère, Chardonnay, Syrah
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 80/20%
- Major Producers: VIA, O. Fournier, J. Bouchon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Valle del Claro DO
- Region Viticola
- Subregion
- DO Areas

A

Valle del Claro DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Subregion: Valle del Maule
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: Empedrado, Curepto
—– Entre Cordilleras: Talca, Pencahue, San Rafael
—– Andes: San Clemente

Valle del Clare DO is a Zone of Valle del Maule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Valle del Loncomilla DO
- Region Viticola
- Subregion
- DO Areas

A

Valle del Loncomilla DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Subregion: Valle del Maule
- DO Areas:
—– Entre Cordilleras: San Javier, Villa Alegre, Parral, Linares, Longaví, Retiro
—– Andes: Colbún

Valle del Loncomilla DO is a Zone of Valle del Maule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Valle del Tutuvén DO
- Region Viticola
- Subregion
- DO Areas

A

Valle del Tutuvén DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Subregion: Valle del Maule
- DO Areas: Cauquenes (Entre Cordilleras)

Valle del Tutuvén DO is a zone of Valle del Maule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Valle del Rapel DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Zones
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Rapel DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Major Towns: Rancagua
- DO Zones:
—– Valle del Cachapoal DO
—– Valle de Colchagua DO
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: Lolol, Litueche, Paredones, Pumanque
—– Entre Cordilleras: Rancagua, Peumo, Coltauco, Nancagua, Santa Cruz, Palmilla, Peralillo, Marchigüe, La Estrella, Apalta
—– Andes: Requínoa, Rengo, Machalí, San Fernando, Chimbarongo, Los Lingues
- Total Hectares Under Vine (Colchagua and Cachapoal): 41,223 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 86/14%
- Major Producers: see individual zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Valle de Colchagua DO
- Region Viticola
- Subregion
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle de Colchagua DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Subregion: Valle del Rapel
- Major Towns: San Fernando
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: Lolol, Litueche, Paredones, Pumanque
—– Entre Cordilleras: Nancagua, Santa Cruz, Apalta, Palmilla, Peralillo, Marchigüe, La Estrella
—– Andes: San Fernando, Chimbarongo, Los Lingues
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 28,617 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 86/14%
- Major Producers: Koyle, Casa Silva, Cono Sur, Viu Manent, Casa Lapostolle, Laura Hartwig, Los Vascos, Siegel, Montes

Valle de Colchagua DO is a Zone of Valle del Rapel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Valle del Cachapoal DO
- Region Viticola
- Subregion
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Cachapoal DO
- Región Vitícola: Valle Central
- Subregion: Valle del Rapel
- Major Towns: Rancagua
- DO Areas:
—– Entre Cordilleras: Rancagua, Peumo, Coltauco
—– Andes: Requínoa, Rengo, Machalí
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 12,606 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère, Merlot, Chardonnay, Syrah, Sauvignon Blanc
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 86/14%
- Major Producers: Altaïr, La Ronciere, Morandé, Vik, Camino Real

Valle del Cachapoal DO is a Zone of Valle del Rapel DO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Valle del Bío-Bío DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Bío-Bío DO
- Región Vitícola: Sur
- Major Towns: Los Ángeles (provincial capital)
- DO Areas:
—– Entre Cordilleras: Yumbel, Mulchén
- Total Hectares Under Vine (Bío-Bío & Malleco): 1,731 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes (Bío-Bío and Malleco): Pinot Noir, País, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes (Bío-Bío and Malleco): 59/41%
- Major Producers: Dos Andes (Agustinos, Veranda), Guilisasti, Aristos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Valle del Itata DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Itata DO
- Región Vitícola: Sur
- Major Towns: Concepción, Chillán
- DO Areas:
—– Costa: Portezuelo, Coelemu
—– Entre Cordilleras: Chillán, Quillón
- Total Hectares Under Vine: 6,777 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes: Moscatel de Alejandría, País, Cinsault, Cabernet Sauvignon
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes: 51/49%
- Major Producers: Casas de Giner, Casanueva, Vinos Larqui, Del Alba, Velenunque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Valle del Malleco DO
- Region Viticola
- Major Towns
- DO Areas
- Size
- Grapes
- Producers

A

Valle del Malleco DO
- Región Vitícola: Sur
- Major Towns: Angol (provincial capital)
- DO Areas: Traiguén (Entre Cordilleras)
- Total Hectares Under Vine (Bío-Bío & Malleco): 1,731 ha (2011, Wines of Chile)
- Major Grapes (Bío-Bío and Malleco): Pinot Noir, País, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
—– Percentage of Red/White Grapes (Bío-Bío and Malleco): 59/41%
- Major Producers: Sol de Sol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the areas in the Aconcagua DO that are not apart of a subregion?

A

Valle del Marga Marga DO - Costa
Zapallar DO - Costa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What encouraged viticulture in New Spain Colonies?

A

Set quotas for vineyard plantings and production in his encomiendas
- Encomiendas - fief like land grants and supplies of native slave labor awards to Spaniards for services to the crown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What encouraged viticulture in New Spain Colonies?

A

Set quotas for vineyard plantings and production in his encomiendas
- Encomiendas - fief like land grants and supplies of native slave labor awards to Spaniards for services to the crown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the native people of Chile called?

A

Mapuche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When was Pias brought to Chile and by whom?

A

1541
○ Pedro de Valdivia founded Chile’s capital of Santiago
○ Conquistador authority consolidated in the Viceroyalty of Peru, the highest seat of Spanish imperial power in South America
○ Francisco de Carabantes, Jesuit Friar, imported vines from Canary Islands to Peru
○ He likely brought Listan Prieto (AKA Pais, Mission)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Chica?
What is arrobas?

A

1590s
○ Mapuche warriors revolted and razed most Spanish settlements in southern Chile
○ They took over Spanish vineyards and made grape chica
§ Chica - cooked, partially fermented beverage
○ Chile was producing 100,000 arrobas
○ Measurement of weight equal to 8 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who is Bernard O’Higgins?

A

1818
○ Bernardo O’Higgins declared independence of Chile from Spain
○ Irish-born Spaniard and leader of the Chilean fight against Spanish royalists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When did Spanish grapes get ripped out in favor of French grapes?

A

1824
○ Vina de Rosa in Cachapoal was established
§ Ripped out Spanish grapes in favor of French
1825
○ Carta Vieja in Loncomilla Valley was established
§ Ripped out Spanish grapes in favor of French
1830s
○ Claude Gay, French-born naturalist working Chile, brought dozens of French grapevine cuttings into the country in the 1830s and planted them in Santiago’s Quinta Normal agricultural station in order to study their adaptability to Chilean climate and soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Who is considered the Father of Chilean wine?

A

1851
○ Chilean industrialist Silvestre Ochagavia returned from France and founded Vina Ochagavia
§ Ochagavia is often referred to as the “father of Chilean wine”
§ One of Chile’s first modern wineries
○ Still in production today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When were many of the famous and largest producers in Chile founded?

A

○ 1856
§ Cousino Macul
○ 1865
§ Vina San Pedro
○ 1870
§ Vina Errazuris
○ 1875
§ Santa Carolina
○ 1880
§ Santa Rita
○ 1883
§ Concha y Toro
○ 1885
§ Undurraga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When were modern winemaking techniques brought to Chile and by whom?

A

1979
○ Miguel Torres founded a Chilean project in Curico and introduced new technologies like
§ Temp-controlled, stainless steel fermentation tanks
§ New Barriques
§ Pneumatic presses
○ Quality increased as did exports and international investment
○ International investment led to grapes like old vine Pais to be ripped up for international varieties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What was the first French winery to operate in Chile?

A

1988
○ Domaines Barons de Rothschild-Lafite was the first French winery work in Chile
○ Took over Colchaqua estate of Los Vascos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When did Bruno Pats and Paul Pontallier open a winery in Chile?

A
  • 1990
    Bruno Pats (former owner of Cos d’Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (former managing director of Chateau Margaux) launched** Vina Aquitnaia**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When did Grand-Marnier open a winery in Chile?

A
  • 1994
    Lapostolle was founded in Colchagua by owners of Grand Marnier (Marnier-Lapostolle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When did Robert Mondavi partner with Vina Errazuriz to open a winery in Chile?

A
  • 1995
    Eduardo Chadwick of Vina Errazuriz and Robert Mandavi founded Sena
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When did Baron Philippe de Rothschild open a winery in Chile?

A
  • 1997
    Baron Philippe de Rothschild created Almaviva in conjuction with Concha y Toro
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is Movimiento de Vinateros Independientes (MOVI)?

A
  • 2009
    ○ Movimiento de Vinateros Independientes (MOVI)
    § 12 wineries created “an association of small quality-oriented Chilean wineries who come together to share a common goal to make wine personally, on a human scale.”
    § More wineries have joined since
    § Members include but not limited too
    □ Garage Wine Co.
    □ Garcia + Schawerer
    □ Montsecano von Siebenthal
    □ Sigla
    □ Kingston
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How long is Chile?
What is the widest point?

A

4,300 km
350 km

42
Q

What desert seperates Chile from Peru?

A

Atacama

43
Q

What are the main mountain ranges in Chile?

A

Andes
§ Borders Argentina
§ Up to 6,000 m elevation

Cordilleras de la Costa
§ AKA Coastal Ranges
§ Located on the coast
§ Up to 3,100 m elevation
§ Creates rain shadow from pacific

44
Q

Describe the soils of Chile

A

Coastal range
□ Layers of granite, schist and slate overlaid by red clays
□ Very old soils, referred to by one winemaker as “soils of Pangaea”
® Age ranges from north to south however
◊ Northern soils (i.e. Leyda)
} 100 million years old
} Granite and quartz which leaves room for air allowing for vines to be producive
◊ Southern soils (i.e. Bio-Bio)
} 300 million years old
} Granite with very little quartz
} Tight soil making less productive vines

Andes
□ Limestone is found at higher elevations
□ Most soils are volcanic in origin
® Basalt
® Andesite

45
Q

What are the 3 major climate zones of Chile?

A

Norte Chico
§ Hot and Arid

Zona Central
§ Warm and Mediterranean

Zona Sur
§ Cool, rainy, maritime

46
Q

What is the Humboldt Current?

A

Humboldt Current,
® Cold-water ocean current that flows northward up the coast
® Cools air passing over it
® Limits precipitation
® Traps colder air near the surface

47
Q

How does proximity to the coast affect climate?

A

3 Columns running north to south
§ Coast
□ Humboldt Current,
® Cold-water ocean current that flows northward up the coast
® Cools air passing over it
® Limits precipitation
® Traps colder air near the surface
§ Intermediate depression
□ Maritime climate diminishes as you move further inland
§ Andes
□ Not affected by the coastal winds
□ Wind races down the slopes of the Andes mitigating heat
□ More seasonal temperature variation
□ Larger diurnal shift

48
Q

How is Chile divided into from a government perspective?

A

Chile is divided into 15 administrative regions. Commercial winegrowing is currently taking place in nine:
* Atacama (Region III, Norte Chico)
* Coquimbo (Region IV, Norte Chico)
* Valparaíso (Region V, Zona Central)
* Santiago (Región Metropolitan, Zona Central)
* O’Higgins (Region VI, Zona Central)
* Maule (Region VII, Zona Central)
* Bío Bío (Region VIII, Zona Sur)
* La Araucanía (Region IX, Zona Sur)
* Los Lagos (Region X, Zona Sur)

49
Q

Which brands account for 85% of Chilean production?

A

Concha y Toro, Santa Rita and San Pedro (and associated brands) together account for 85% of domestic consumption
- Concha y Toro is the nations largest producer with over 9,000 ha
- More than 135,000 ha of vineyards

50
Q

What are the most planted grapes in Chile?

A

Cab Sauv - 33%
Merlot
Carmenere
Syrah
Pias

51
Q

What is law #18,455?

A
  • Passed in 1985 laying down the rules for Chile’s production, processing and trade of all types of beverage alcohol
  • Defines wines as the product of fermentation of fresh must obtained from Vitis vinifera grapes
  • Min. 11.5% alcohol
52
Q

What is law #18,455?

A
  • Passed in 1985 laying down the rules for Chile’s production, processing and trade of all types of beverage alcohol
  • Defines wines as the product of fermentation of fresh must obtained from Vitis vinifera grapes
  • Min. 11.5% alcohol
53
Q

What is decree #78?

A

Passed in 1986 further regulating wines by established enological practices and additives

54
Q

What is decree #78?

A

Passed in 1986 further regulating wines by established enological practices and additives

55
Q

Who regulates Chiles labelings law and appellations?

A

Chiles Agricultural and Livestock Service

56
Q

What is a DO?
What is the heirarchy

A

Denominacion de Origen (DO)
Established in 1994 with Agricultural Decree #464 that went into effet in 1995

  • Viticultural region (Region Viticola)
  • Subregion
  • Zone
  • Viticultural Area
57
Q

What are zones often named after?

A

Rivers

58
Q

What percentage requirements for labeling in Chile?

A

75% rules
- Grape
- Vintage
- DO

** 85% is most common practice to abide by EU standards for export purposes**
Chile, unlike USA, does not have a bilateral agreement with Europe preserving the 75% minimum for varietal labeling)

59
Q

What commonly grown grape is not allowed on labels?

A

Pais

60
Q

What are the “Quality designations allowed on labels in Chile?

A

Indicate added alcohol or min time in wood
In reality these are used for cheap wines.
- “Reserva means the wine will cost $9.99; gran reserva means it is $14.99.”
- Reserva
- Gran Reserva
- Seleccion
- Reserva Especial

61
Q

What appelation system was added in 2012?

A

Major update to DO law
Added Atacama and Austral to Regional Viticolas
Created three new divisions for existing DO’s based on proximity to the Mountains or the Oceans
These denominations made added as long as 85% of grapes come from the state area
- Coasta (Coast)
- Entre Cordilleras (between the mountains)
- Andes

62
Q

What is is the Valle del Huasco DO named after?

A

Huasco River

62
Q

What is is the Valle del Copiapo DO named after?

A

Copiapo River and the capital city of Atacama

63
Q

What is Valle del Copiapo DO most known for?

A

Chilean Pisco

64
Q

Is Chilean Pisco recognized by the EU?

A

Chilean Pisco
○ Became an appellation in 1931 (1991 in Peru)
○ Original port of Pisco is located in Peru but Chile changed the name of one of their towns to Pisco Elqui, located in the Elqui valley
○ 2013

EU rejected Chile’s argument for origin and recognizes only Peru’s geographic designation for the spirit

65
Q

What grapes are used to make Chilean Pisco?

A

Grapes
§ Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria)
§ Moscatel Rosado
§ Moscatel de Austria (Torrontes Sanjuanino)
§ Torontel (Moscatel Amarillo, child of Pais and Muscat of Alexandria)
§ Pedro Jiminez

  • Peruvian Pisco is considered a higher quality product
  • Made in smaller quantities and more aromatic
  • Chilean pisco is neutral and mass-produced
66
Q

What is a Piscola?

A

Pisco and coke, preferred by younger Chileans

66
Q

What is a Piscola?

A

Pisco and coke, preferred by younger Chileans

67
Q

Is Chilean Pisco recognized by the EU?

A

Chilean Pisco
○ Became an appellation in 1931 (1991 in Peru)
○ Original port of Pisco is located in Peru but Chile changed the name of one of their towns to Pisco Elqui, located in the Elqui valley
○ 2013

EU rejected Chile’s argument for origin and recognizes only Peru’s geographic designation for the spirit

68
Q

What is a Piscola?

A

Pisco and coke, preferred by younger Chileans

69
Q

What is the difference between a Chilean Pisco Sour and a Peruvian Pisco sour?

A

Peruvian
- 2 oz. Pisco
- 1 oz. Lime
- 3/4 oz. Simple Syrup
- 1 Egg White
- 1 dash Angostura Bitters

Chilean
- 2 oz. Chilean Pisco
- 1 oz. Lemon
- Sugar
- 1 Egg White
- 1 dash Angostura Bitters

70
Q

How grapes planted in Valle del Copiapo DO and Valle del Huasco DO?

A

Massive vineyards trained in parron (pergola) style

71
Q

What is the climate of the Atacama Region Viticola DO?

A

Desert

72
Q

What is the climate of Coquimbo Region Viticola DO?

A
  • Transitional region from the Atacama dessert to the north and the Mediterranean areas surrounding Santiago further south
  • Modern irrigation techniques have transformed the river valleys into capable wine regions
  • However, snowmelt has been drying up drastically, especially in Elqui valley
    ○ Some reservoirs are reporting 10-20% capacity
  • Some vineyards have been abandoned due to lack of water
73
Q

Who helped pioneer the Valle del Elqui DO?

A

Vina Falernia
- Chilean-Italian joint venture was the first to shift focus from Pisco to fine wine in the 1990s
- Vina Falernia’s “Alta Tierra” is known as a standard bearer of Chilean, and Elqui Syrah

74
Q

Who helped pioneer the Valle del Elqui DO?

A

Vina Falernia
- Chilean-Italian joint venture was the first to shift focus from Pisco to fine wine in the 1990s
- Vina Falernia’s “Alta Tierra” is known as a standard bearer of Chilean, and Elqui Syrah

75
Q

List the important producers in Elqui DO

A

Vina Falernia
- Chilean-Italian joint venture was the first to shift focus from Pisco to fine wine in the 1990s
- Vina Falernia’s “Alta Tierra” is known as a standard bearer of Chilean, and Elqui Syrah

Cavas del Valle
- 2nd winery to operate in the region as of 2003
- 1,100 m elevation and above in the Paiguano area

Vinedos de Alcohuaz
- New project by Marcelo Retamel and Patricio Flano
- 2,200 m elevation vineyards in Paiguano area
- Foot-crushed Syrah in the stone lagars, aging wines in concrete eggs

76
Q

What is the highest growing area in Chile?

A

Paiguano DO (Area - Andes) in the Elqui Valley, Coquimbo
- Vicuna and Paiguano are both in the Andes at 500 - 2,200 m elevations
- Highest growing area in Chile

77
Q

What are the Areas in Valle del Elqui DO?

A

Costa: La Serena
Andes: Paiguano, Vicuña

78
Q

Who were the first producers in the Valle del Limari DO?

A

Francisco de Aguirre
- First winery established in 1993
- Established an Elqui-based Pisco co-op, Capel
- Now owned by Concha y Toro

Casa Tamaya
- Coastal producer founded in the late 90s

Tabali
- Coastal producer founded in the late 90s

79
Q

Who first planted Valle de Casablanca DO?

A

Pablo Morande
- Renowned Chilean winemaker
- Oversaw development of Casablanca’s first experimental vineyards for Concha y Toro in 1982

80
Q

Where does Valle de Casablanca DO sit on the Winkler Scale?

A

Region I
- Considered a cool climate
- Receives cooling Humboldt winds due to it’s location at a break in the coastal range
- Fog drapes the valley overnight
- Cool winds pick up in the afternoon providing relief for summer’s heat
- Spring frost is a concern
- Frost window exists through much of November
- Wide diurnal shifts
- Temperatures are warming annually

81
Q

Is the Valle de Casablanc DO considered Costa, Ande or Entre Cordilleras?

A

Costa - The entire DO
- Located on the coast, bordering Maipo DO on the east
- 30 km east to west
- Surrounds the city of Casablanca
- There is no Casablanca river, just a creek that is dry most of the year
- 33 degrees latitude
- Located at a break in the coastal range
- Viticultural is limited by depleted underground irrigation water

82
Q

Is the Valle de Casablanc DO considered Costa, Ande or Entre Cordilleras?

A

Costa - The entire DO
- Located on the coast, bordering Maipo DO on the east
- 30 km east to west
- Surrounds the city of Casablanca
- There is no Casablanca river, just a creek that is dry most of the year
- 33 degrees latitude
- Located at a break in the coastal range
- Viticultural is limited by depleted underground irrigation water

83
Q

What is the unofficial Costa DO of Valle de San Antonio DO?

A

Rosario
- Northernmost
- Driest and warmest
- 19 km from coast
- Only 1 estate - Matetic, demeter-certified
- First to plant Syrah in San Antonio in 2001

84
Q

What winery helped Valle de Leyda DO acheive DO status?

A

Vina Leyda

85
Q

Where and when was Vina Errazuriz established?

A

Valle del Aconcagua DO - 1870
- Most important producer in the region

86
Q

Explain how different grapes are successful in different places in Valle del Aconcagua DO?

A
  • The Aconcagua river travels more than half the country’s width, covering Andes, Entre Cordilleras and Costa areas
  • Some of the coastal ranges in this area reach elevations of 3,000 m, forcing the Anconcagau river to turn sharply towards Quillota and block cooler coastal winds
  • Easternmost area between San Felipe and Los Andes is sun-scorched
    —– Mediterranean grapes like Mourvedre and Grenache are promising here but too hot for Cabernet
  • Entre Cordilleras areas have various hillside valleys good for growing Bordeaux blends
  • Coastal areas are able to produce refreshing whites
  • Interior areas are better suited for late ripening reds
87
Q

What is most planted in Valle de Aconcagua DO?

A

Red
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Syrah
- Carmenere

White
- Sauvignon Blanc (Coasta areas)

88
Q

What is most planted in Valle de Aconcagua DO?

A

Red
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Syrah
- Carmenere

White
- Sauvignon Blanc (Coasta areas)

89
Q

What is the warmest part of the Valle Central DO?

A

Valle del Rapel DO
- Entre Cordilleras areas are on the border of region II and III

90
Q

What are the unffocial subregions of the Maipo Valley DO?

A

Alto Maipo
- 400-600 m elevation in the Andes
- Mostly face west
- Large diurnal swing, up to 20 degrees
- Well draining alluvial soils that are very well suited for Cabernet
- Only two Areas, both happen to be Andres official Areas
—– Puenta Alto - Translates to “High bridge”
—– Pirque

Medio Maipo
- Central area
- Warmer than Alto Maipo
- Cabernet gets riper but lacks quality of Alto
- Finer, clay based soils good for Carmenere
- Best DO’s
—– Isla de Maipo - Home to De Martino
—– Alhue

Maipo Costa/Maipo Bajo
- Lowest-lying vineyards in the southwest
- Doesn’t actually reach the coast
- Most vineyards are still very young

91
Q

Where is VIGNO labeling Used?
What are the requirements?

A

Valle del Maule

Label requirements
- Must be 85% Carignan
- Dry-farmed
- Head-trained (cabeza)
- At least 30 years old - Can be grafted
- The majority of the blend must be old-vine, head trained, dry-farmed fruit from Maule
- 2 years age before relase - Bottle, barrel (new or old)
- Currently in negociations to become Chile’s first DOC
—– This would allow any producer within rules to label as VIGNO

92
Q

What percentage of Chilean plantings are in Valle del Maule DO?

A

50%

93
Q

What is most planted in Valle del Maule DO?

A

Red
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Cabernet Franc
- Carignan
—– Old bush vine nears the coast and Cauquenes
- Malbec
—– Old vine

White
- Semillon
—– Old vines

94
Q

What river runs through Valle de Colchagua DO?

A

Loosely follows the path of the Tinguiricia River

95
Q

What seperates Valle de Colchagua DO and Valle del Cachapoal DO?

A

Coastal range located on the north Tinguiricia river bank separates Cachapoal from Colchagua

95
Q

What seperates Valle de Colchagua DO and Valle del Cachapoal DO?

A

Coastal range located on the north Tinguiricia river bank separates Cachapoal from Colchagua

96
Q

Where is the city of Conception?

A

Sur DO

97
Q

Where are the Nahuelbuta Mountains?

A

Valle del Bio Bio DO in the Sur DO

98
Q

What is most grown in Itata DO?

A

Red
- Pais
—– Can be up to several hundred years old
—– Declared Pais vineyards are likely blends
- Cinsault
—– Commonly 60-80 years old

White
- Moscatal de Alejandria
—– AKA Muscat of Alexandria
—– Commonly 60-80 years old

Chile (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions