Children with Special Needs Flashcards
“Developmental delay is present when functional aspect of the child’s development in one or more domain (motor, Language, Social, Emotional, Behavioural) are significantly delayed compared to the expected level for age.”
What assessment tools are used for children with LD?
ASQ - Ages and stages questionnaire
PEDS - Parents evaluation of development status
M-Chat - check-list for autism in toddlers
SOGS - 2 - schedule of growing skills
Down’s Syndrome - Trisomy 21 - Features
CHILD HAS PROBLEM
Congenital Heart disease Hypotonia Increased sandle gap Leukaemia Risk x2 Duodenal Atresia
Hearing loss
Alzheimer’s Disease
Short Neck
Palmer crease Round face (bradycephalic head) Occiput flat Behavioural difficulties Language development Ear folded Mental retardation
Fragile X Syndrome
Common cause of Autism and intellectual disability especially among young boys. Features include:
Elongated Face Large protruding ears Long testes Stereotypical movements - Flapping hands Social Anxiety MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
William’s Syndrome
Elfin Face
Broad Forehead an Mouth
Short nose with a long philtrum
define Learning/Intellectual Disability severity
Based on IQ
Mild: 50-70
Mod: 35 - 50
Severe: 20 - 35
Profound: <20
What assessment tools are used in Primary Care for children with LD?
ASQ - Ages and stages questionnaire
PEDS - Parents evaluation of development status
M-Chat - check-list for autism in toddlers
SOGS - 2 - schedule of growing skills
What assessment tools are used in secondary care for children with LD
Griffiths mental development scale
Bayley scale of infant development
Weschler pre-school and primary school scales of development
Child and family mental health
investigation of LD
Based on clinical abnormalities
Genetic testing: Chromosomal analysis, Fragile X, FISH, array CGH
CK
Thyroid Screening
Metabolic testing: Amino and Organic acids, NH4 Lactate
Ophthalmology exaination
audiology
neuroimaging
Consider congenital infection
Why investigate?
to give family understanding of condition and prognostic information
Lessen parental Guilt
Prevent co-morbidities by identifying factors likely to cause secondary disabilities that could be prevented
Appropriate genetic counselling
Access correct support for the family
potential treatment may be available
Steps of Breaking the news: the 3 Ts
Tact - how you do it in order to soften the blow a little
Timing - both parents together and as soon as diagnostically possible
Tenderness - care and empathy
Steps parents will go through when receiving the news
Shock
Anger
Disbelief
Acceptance
