Children's Health Promotion Flashcards
What is health promotion
Any planned activity designed to enhance health or prevent disease…
through a combination of legislation, the provision of preventative services (i.e. immunisation) and development of activities to promote and maintain change to a healthier lifestyle.
- Can be planned or opportunistic
- Must be long-term
- Attempts must be made to justify input of human and financial resources to health promotion
Name 4 factors which affect health
Genetics
Access
Environment
Lifestyle
Bottom 3 are affected by health promotion
Give 3 theories of health promotion
Educational
- provides knowledge to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices about health - i.e. smoking, diabetes, diet
Socioeconomic (radical)
- makes health choice the easy choice
- national policies i.e. about employment, redistribute income
Psychological
- complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs
- Activities start from an individual attitude to health and readiness to change
- Emphasis on whether individual is ready to change
- i.e. smoking, alcohol
What is health education
An activity involving communication with individuals or groups…
aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour…
in a direction which is conductive to improvements in health
What is Health protection
Activities directed at factors beyond the control of the individual.
tend to be regulations, policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at preventing of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being
What is empowerment
The generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations nor act on the basis of their choices
What does empowerment result in
- An ability to resist social pressure
- An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment
- A heightened consciousness of action
Give 2 examples of challenges to successful health promotion
- Doctors cynical about planned health promotion and question if the resources allocated to it are money well spent
- Most health activities in primary and secondary care have never been adequately evaluated
What are the stages of the cycle of change - use smoking as an example
- Pre-contemplation - smokes regularly
- Contemplation - considers giving up
- Ready for action - making definite plans
- Action - actively not smoking
- Maintenance - not smoking
(6. ) Regression - starts smoking again
back to step 1
Give 2 examples of methods of primary care health promotion
Planned
- posters
- chronic disease clinics
- vaccinations
- QOF
Opportunistic
- advise within surgery
Give 3 examples of methods of government health promotion
Legislation
- legal age limits
- smoking ban
- health and safety
- clean air act
- highway code
Economic
- tax on cigarettes and alcohol
Education
- HEBS (health education board Scotland)
What is primary prevention
Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury
Reduces probability and / or severity of illness or injury
i.e. smoking cessation or immunisation
What is secondary prevention
Detection of disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent or lessen symptomatology
i.e. Screening
What are the components of Wilson’s screening
Illness
- important
- natural history understood
- pre-symptomatic stage
Test
- Easy
- Acceptable
- Cost-effective
- Sensitive
- Specific
Treatment
- Acceptable
- Cost-effective
- Better if early
What is tertiary prevention
Measures to limit stress or disability caused by disease
i.e. OT, care manager for MND
Give two factors which have an early effect on lifelong health and examples of each
Establishment of a healthy lifestyle
- Growth and development fuelled by food
- Scotland has the highest incidence of premature death due to IHD
- High sat-fats and lower fruit and veg are associated with poorer health outcomes
Role of parenting
- habits and lifestyles are established in adolescence
- smoking >2x likely if parents smoke
- neglect and abuse occur
What are some common examples of children for seeing GP
Feeding problems Pyrexia URTI Coughs / colds Rashes Otalgia Sore throat V&D Abdo pain Behavioural problems
What are some important aspects of a consultation with a child
Listening Observing Read notes of child and parent(s) Examining properly Explain clearly what you are thinking / doing Discuss with other Health professional Review open door policy Reassure parent and child Investigate approriately Refer appropriately Child protection
What are some reasons why parents may present children when they are not clinically unwell
May be correct Someone urging them to act Inexperience Anxiety about normal illness Single parent with no support Parenting difficulty manifesting as child illness Parent depression / anxiety Social issues Child presenting to them with difficult symptoms to interpret Child abuse by partner
Give 4 examples of how to manage an overanxious parent
Listen, exam and explain properly
ICE - allow questions
Offer second opinion
Facilitate return visit
What factors need to be considered with children in primary care
Personal Social Developmental Parental Physical Psychological
What are the organisations for Child protection
National guidance for child protection Scotland 2010
RCCP-Safeguarding children
What health factors concern children
Diet Exercise - 60 mins everyday Sleep - teens 8-10 hours Social issues Screen time
