Children's Health and Health Promotion Flashcards
Which health factors are affected by health promotion?
Access
Environment
Lifestyle
What is health promotion?
An overarching principle/activity which enhances health and includes disease prevention, health education and health protection. It may be planned or opportunistic.
What is health education?
An activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conducive to improvements in health.
What is health protection?
Involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well being.
What is empowerment?
Empowerment refers to the generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations nor act on the basis of their choices.
What benefits can result from empowerment?
An ability to resist social pressure
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment
A heightened consciousness of action
What are the three stages in the cycle of change?
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Action
What is primary prevention?
Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury
Reduces probability and/or severity of illness or injury
e.g. smoking cessation or immunisation
What is secondary prevention?
Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent or lessen symptomatology
What are Wilson’s screening criteria?
Illness - important, natural history understood, pre-symptomatic stage
Test - easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific
Treatment - acceptable, cost effective, better if early
What do we screen for in Scotland?
Cancers - breast, bowel, cervical AAA Diabetic retinopathy Pregnancy screening - pre-eclampsia and diabetes - anaemia and blood disorders - viral infections - chromosomal conditions - baby and placental position Newborn screening - hearing - cataracts - congenital heart disease - hip dysplasia - undescended testes - Guthrie test - PKU, hypothyroidism, sickle cell, CF
What is tertiary prevention?
Measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease
How much exercise do NHS guidelines suggest for teenagers?
60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise daily
How many hours of sleep do teens need in order to function best?
8-10 hours a night
