Children's Health and Health Promotion Flashcards
What is health affected by? Which areas are affected by health promotion?
Health is affected by:
- Genetics
- Access
- Environment
- Lifestyle
The last 3 areas are affected by health promotion.
What 3 methods are used by the government to acheive health promotion?
- Legislation
- The provision of preventative services such as immunisation
- The development of activities to promote and maintain change to a healthier lifestyle
What are the definitions of the following 3 terms?
- Health promotion
- What are the 3 key components of health promotion?
- Health education
- Health protection
- Health promotion:
- An overarching principle/activity which enhances health and includes disease prevention, health education and health protection. It may be planned or opportunistic.
- Health education:
- An activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conductive to improvements in health.
- Health protection:
- Involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being.
What are the 3 benefits of empowerment?
- An ability to resist social pressure
- An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment
- A heightened consciousness of action
What are the 3 theories of health promotion?
- Educational:
- Provides knowledge to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices regarding health e.g. smoking, diet, diabetes
- Socioeconomic:
- ‘Makes the healthy choice the easy choice’
- National policies which target things such as unemployment and redistribution of income
- Psychological:
- Complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs
- Activities start from an individual attitude towards health and their readiness to change e.g. smoking, alcohol
What are the 2 different types of health promotion?
What are the 2 different types of health promotion within primary care?
- Give 3 examples of planned health promotion
- Give 2 examples of opportunistic health promotion
What are the 3 different types of health promotion through the government?
- Give 3 examples of legislative health promotion
- Give 1 example of economic health promotion
- Give 1 example of educational health promotion.
- Primary care:
- Planned:
- Posters
- Chronic disease clinics
- Vaccinations
- Opportunistic:
- Advice within surgery (smoking, diet)
- Taking BP
- Planned:
- Government:
- Legislation:
- Legal age limits
- Smoking ban
- Health and safety
- Clean air act
- Highway code
- Legislation:
- Economic:
- Tax on cigarettes and alcohol
- Education:
- Adverts
Use the example of quitting smoking to explain the following questions.
- What is the cycle of change?
- What are the 4 steps?
- What are the 2 outcomes following the action stage?
- Precontemplation:
- Person smokes regularly and has not considered giving it up
- Contemplation:
- Person still smokes regularly but has considered giving it up
- Ready for action:
- Person still smokes but intends on giving it up and has a plan prepared which will allow them to do so
- Action:
- Person attempts to give up smoking using the plan they have prepared
- The person will then enter maintenance as a non-smoker
- From this stage 1 of 2 things can continue in maintenance or enter regression:
- They can maintain a healthier lifestyle and not return to smoking
- They can regress and start smoking again - they will then feedback in to the cycle of change
What is primary prevention?
Give an example of a common primary preventative measure.
- Measures taken to prevent the onset of illness or injury e.g. vaccinations
- Reduces the probability and/or severity of illness or injury
What is secondary prevention?
Give an example of a common secondary preventative measure.
- Detection of a disease at the earliest possible stage in an attempt to cure, prevent, or lessen symptoms e.g. screening
What is tertiary prevention?
Give an example of a tertiary preventative measure.
- Measures taken to limit the distress or disability caused by disease e.g. giving physio to those with MND
What are Wilson’s criteria (3)?
What features must be present under the following headings?
- Illness (3)
- Test (3)
- Treatment (3).
What is the difference between the terms sensitive and specific?
- Illness:
- Must be important
- Must be understood
- Must be a pre-symptomatic stage
- Is it an important public health problem?
- Test:
- Is there a test?
- Is it safe?
- Must be easy
- Must be acceptable
- Must be cost effective
- Must be sensitive (low false negatives)
- Must be specific (low false positives)
- Are there facilities for testing available?
- Treatment:
- Is there a treatment?
- Is it effective?
- Is it safe?
- Must be acceptable
- Must be cost effective
- Must be better if given early
- Are there facilities for treatment available?
- Does the overall cost-benefit analysis make it worthwhile e.g. number of tests required to save one life?
Explain how early establishment of a healthy lifestyle can affect a child’s lifelong health (1).
Explain how the role of parenting can affect a child’s lifelong health (2).
- Early establishment of a healthy lifestyle:
- Growth and development are fuelled by food
- Scotland has the highest incidence of premature death due to heart disease
- Role of parenting:
- Habits and lifestyles are established in adolescence
- Smoking is more than twice as likely if your parents smoke
- Neglect and abuse can recur
What 4 lifestyle factors would you ideally like to address in a child?
- Diet
- Screen time
- Exercise
- Sleep
Where will you go if you want guidance on child protection?
National Guidance for Child Protection Scotland 2010
