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FOPC Year 3 > Children's health and health promotion > Flashcards

Children's health and health promotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is health promotion?

A

overarching principle/ activity which enhances health and includes disease prevention, health education and health protection. May be planned or opportunistic.

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2
Q

What 4 factors is health affected by?

A

Genetics
Access
Environment
Lifestyle

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3
Q

What aspects of health are affected by health promotion?

A

Access
Environment
Lifestyle

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4
Q

How is health education defined?

A

An activity involving communication with individuals/ groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conductive to improvements in health.

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5
Q

How is health protection defined?

A

involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond control of individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulation or policies or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of wellbeing.

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6
Q

What is empowerment?

A

Refers to generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situation nor act on basis of their choices.

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7
Q

What are benefits of empowerment?

A
  1. Ability to resist to social pressure
  2. Ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment
  3. Heightened consciousness of action
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8
Q

What are examples of planned health promotion in primary care?

A
  • posters
  • chronic disease clinics
  • vaccinations
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9
Q

What are examples of opportunistic health promotion?

A
  • advice within surgery
  • smoking, diet
  • taking BP
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10
Q

What are examples of health promotion through government?

A
  1. Legislation
    - Legal age limits
    - Smoking ban
    - Health and safety
    - Clean air act
    - Highway code
  2. economic
    - tax on cigarettes and alcohol
  3. education
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11
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury, it reduces probability and severity.

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12
Q

What are examples of primary prevention?

A
  1. smoking cessation

2. immunisation

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13
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent or lessen symptomatology.

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14
Q

What is an example of secondary prevention?

A

Screening

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15
Q

What are Wilson’s criteria for screening?

A

Illness should be:
important
natural history understood
Have a recognisable pre-symptomatic stage

Test should be:
easy to perform
Easy to interpret
acceptable to population
cost effective
sensitive
specific

Treatment should be:
Accepted treatment for patients with recognised disease
Treatment should be effective if started early
Facilitiaties for diagnosis and treatment available
Agreed policy concerning who should be treated
Diagnosis and treatment should be cost effective

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16
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

Measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease

e.g. motor neurone disease, OA  OT, physio, care manager

17
Q

What are effects of early events on lifelong health?

A
  1. Establishment of a healthy lifestyle
    - Growth and development fuelled by food
  2. Role of parenting
    - Habits and lifestyles established in adolescence
    - Neglect/ abuse/ habits
18
Q

What are common conditions GPs see children for?

A
  1. Feeding problems (new babies especially)
  2. Pyrexia
  3. URTI
  4. Coughs/ colds
  5. Rashes
  6. Otalgia
  7. Sore throat
  8. Vomiting +/- diarrhoea
  9. Abdominal pains
  10. Behavioural problems (older infants)
19
Q

How should you act in a child-adult consultation?

A
  1. Listening
  2. Watching
  3. Observing
  4. Examining properly
  5. Putting child at ease as well as parent/ guardian
  6. Parental understanding
  7. Explain in a clear language
20
Q

Why may a parent bring a healthy child to the GP with the child not being clinically unwell?

A
  1. Someone else urging them to act
  2. Anxiety regarding normal illness
  3. Inexperience
  4. Single parent with no support
  5. Parenting difficulty manifesting as child illness
  6. Parent depression/ anxiety
  7. Social issues
  8. Child presenting them with difficult symptoms to interpret
  9. Child abuse by partner
21
Q

What measures can a GP take to be sure what is happening with a child?

A
  1. Listen and observe
  2. Read the notes of child and parent/s
  3. Examine properly
  4. Explain clearly what you are thinking/ doing
  5. Discuss with other helath professionals
  6. Review
  7. ‘open door’ policy
  8. reassure appropriately
  9. investigate properly
  10. refer appropriately
22
Q

How can a GP manage an overly anxious parent/guardian?

A
  1. Listening
  2. Examining
  3. ICE
  4. Building a rapport
  5. Explaining properly along the way (what you are thinking and doing)
  6. Consensus
  7. Allowing parents/ guardians to ask questions
  8. Offering second opinion
  9. No dogma
  10. Facilitating a return visit
23
Q

What health aspects need to be considered in an adolescent?

A
  1. Diet
  2. Exercise
  3. Sleep
  4. Screen time
  5. Social issues; school, friends, drugs and alcohol, sex
24
Q

What are examples of antenatal and newborn screening tests?

A
  1. Foetal anomaly USS
    - Down’s
    - Infectious disease in pregnancy
  2. CF (heel prick test)
  3. Sickle cell test
25
Q

What are examples of health education?

A
  • Statistical posters and leaflets informing about illness e.g. lung cancer, STI, alcohol units
  • Understanding risks of conditions/ disease (e.g. ways to quit smoking)
26
Q

What are examples of health promotion?

A
  • Advertisement about benefits of a healthy lifestyle

- Pictures of persuasion e.g. smoking kills pictures

27
Q

What are examples of health protection?

A
  • SNP council house motion
  • Laws around smoking packages
  • Food labelling
  • Health and safety
  • Alcohol taxing
  • Sick notes
  • Power of attorney
28
Q

What are roles of a health visitor?

A
  1. Look at healthy diet
  2. Promotes immunisation programme
  3. Maternal mental health
  4. Assessing safe home environment
  5. Promotes activity in children
  6. Overall health promotion in children and mothers

FOPC Year 3 (5 decks)

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