Children's health and health promotion (3)

Question 1

What is health promotion?

Answer 1

Any planned activity designed to enhance health or prevent disease (eg legislation, immunisations, activities)

Question 2

What 4 factors affect health?

Answer 2

• Genetics
• Access
• Environment
• Lifestyle

Question 3

Give the 3 theories of health promotion

Answer 3

• Educational: provides knowledge and education to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices in health
• Socioeconomic: makes healthy choice the easy choice
• Psychological: complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs

Question 4

Define health education

Answer 4

An activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at challenging knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conducive to improvements in health.

Question 5

Define health protection

Answer 5

Involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual - tend to be regulations or policies

Question 6

Define empowerment

Answer 6

The generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations nor act on the basis of their choices

Question 7

What benefits does empowerment bring?

Answer 7

• Ability to resist social pressure and utilise effective coping strategies
• Heightened consciousness of action

Question 8

Give the different levels of reaching a goal eg quitting smoking

Answer 8

1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Ready for action - making definite plans
4. ACTION
5. Either regression or maintenance

Question 9

Give some examples of healthcare promotion in primary care

Answer 9

Planned = posters, chronic disease clinics, vaccinations

Opportunistic = advice within surgery, suggesting smoking cessation, taking BP

Question 10

Give some examples of healthcare promotion in the government

Answer 10

Legislation = legal age limits, smoking ban, clean air act, highway code, health and safety

Economic = tax on cigarettes, alcohol and sugar

Education

Question 11

What is primary prevention?

Answer 11

Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury - reduces probability and or severity of illness/injury

Question 12

What is secondary prevention

Answer 12

Detection of a disease at an early preclinical stage in order to cure, prevent, or lessen symptomatology

Question 13

What is tertiary prevention (screening)

Answer 13

Measures to limit distress or disability caused by a disease

Question 14

Give the Wilson’s criteria for screening

Answer 14

ILLNESS = Important, natural history is understood, has a pre-symptomatic stage TEST = Easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific TREATMENT = Acceptable, cost effective, better if early