Children's health and health promotion Flashcards
1
Q
Learning outcomes
A
- Be able to define the concepts of prevention, particularly immunization, secondary prevention and screening
- Be able to discuss aspects of the evaluation of preventive interventions e.g. MMR vaccination, breast and/or cervical screening
- Consider how the cycle of change can clarify and promoting change at a personal level
- To understand Wilson’s Criteria for Screening
- Be able to define health promotion, health education and health protection
- Be aware of the range of approaches to health promotion and discuss the best way to achieve high levels of health for the practice and society
- Understand why health promotion has become a component of NHS provision
- Consider health promotion activities in different settings (e.g. schools)
- Be aware of the challenges inherent in assessing the quality and outcomes of health promotion
- Be aware of the pros and cons of health promotion
- To introduce ideas about interplay between age-changes, environment, lifestyle and disease.
- To understand early effects on lifelong health.
- To discuss how children may present in Primary Care
- To discuss modern Health Promotion issues in children and understand the complexity behind those issues
2
Q
Definition of health promotion
A
- Any activity designed to health health and prevent disease
3
Q
Factors targeted by health promotion
A
- Access
- Environment
- Lifestyle
- All three have an affect on health
4
Q
Important settings of health promotion
A
- Workplace
- Schools
- Hospitals
- Community
5
Q
Three theories of health promotion
A
- Educational
- Socioeconomic
- Psychological
6
Q
Educational theory of health promotion
A
- Provision of knowledge and education
- Enables skills to make informed health related choices
- One-to-one, group workshops
- E.g smoking, diet
7
Q
Socio-economic theory of health promotion
A
- Radical changes
- Make health choices easy choices
- National policies → unemployment, redistribute income
8
Q
Psychological theory of health promotion
A
- Complex between behaviour-knowledge-attitudes=beliefs
- Activities begin from individual attitude to health and willingness to change
- Emphasis on individual change
- e.g. alcohol, smoking
8
Q
Psychological theory of health promotion
A
- Complex between behaviour-knowledge-attitudes=beliefs
- Activities begin from individual attitude to health and willingness to change
- Emphasis on individual change
- e.g. alcohol, smoking
9
Q
Definition of health education
A
- Activity involving communication with individual/ group to change knowledge/beliefs/attitudes/behaviours towards health improvements
10
Q
Definition of health protection
A
- Collective activities towards factors beyond control of individuals
- Activities focuses on regulations, policies, voluntary codes of practice
- Aims to prevent ill health and promote positive wellbeing
10
Q
Definition of health protection
A
- Collective activities towards factors beyond control of individuals
- Activities focuses on regulations, policies, voluntary codes of practice
- Aims to prevent ill health and promote positive wellbeing
11
Q
Why is health promotion vital
A
- Poor lifestyle, exercise, diet → increases burden of chronic disease and ageing on NHS
- Aim is at prevention rather than cure
12
Q
What is empowerment
A
- Generation of power to individuals and groups previously unable to control situation or act within choice
13
Q
Benefits of empowerment
A
- Ability to resist social pressure
- Utilise effective coping strategies to unhealthy environment
- Heightened awareness fo action
14
Q
Challenges to health promotion
A
- Question to the cost/ benefit ratio to planned health promotion
- Difficulty evaluating effectiveness of health promoting activities in primary and secondary care
15
Q
Components to the cycle of change
A
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Action
- Regression or maintenance (leads to healthier lifestyle)
16
Q
2 main levels of health promotion
A
- Primary care → planned or opportunistic action (BP monitoring)
- Government → legislation (legal age limits, smoking bans)
16
Q
2 main levels of health promotion
A
- Primary care → planned or opportunistic action (BP monitoring)
- Government → legislation (legal age limits, smoking bans)
17
Q
Primary prevention
A
- Measures to prevent onset of illness/ injury
- Reduction of probability/ severity of illness/ injury
- E.g. smoking cessation, immunisation
18
Q
Secondary prevention
A
- Detection of disease in early/ preclinical states to cure, prevent or lessen symptomology
- Often during an asymptomatic stage of illness/disease
19
Q
Wilson’s criteria for screening
A
- Important health problem with a well understood nature to the condition
- Recognisable stages to symptomology
- Test should be:
- Easy to perform and interoperation
- Acceptable
- Accurate
- Reliable
- Sensitive and specific
- Acceptable treatment in recognised disease with treatment more effective if started early
- Policy to who is and isn’t treated
- Diagnosis should be cost-effective
20
Q
Cost considerations in screening
A
- Cost of case findings (diagnosis and treatment of patients)
- Cost of medical care in absence of screening
21
Q
Tertiary prevention
A
- Limit distress and disability caused by disease
