Children's Health Flashcards
What is the definition of health promotion?
An overarching principle/activity which enhances health and includes disease prevention, health education and health protection. It may be planned or opportunistic.
What is empowerment and what are the benefits of it?
Empowerment refers to the generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations nor act on the basis of their choices.
An ability to resist social pressure.
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment.
A heightened consciousness of action.
What are the steps of the cycle of change?
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Action
Then can either maintain or regress
What are examples of planned and opportunistic health promotion in primary care?
Planned – Posters, Chronic disease clinics, vaccinations, QOF Also would include things like travel clinic and then disease prevention measures such as smears, bowel screening.
Opportunistic – Advice within consultation e.g. re smoking, diet, taking BP, Alcohol brief intervention
What are examples of health promotion enforced by the government?
Legislation – Legal age limits, Smoking ban, Health and safety, Clean air act, Highway code
Economic – Tax on cigarettes and alcohol
Education – Adverts, classes at school, curriculums
What is primary prevention?
Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury
Reduces probability and/or severity of illness or injury
e.g. Smoking cessation or immunisation
What is secondary prevention?
Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent, or lessen symptomatology. Ends when disease becomes symptomatic
List Wilson’s criteria
Knowledge of disease:
The condition should be important public health concern.
There must be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage.
The natural course of the condition, including development from latent to declared disease, should be adequately understood.
Knowledge of test:
Suitable test or examination.
Test acceptable to population.
Case finding should be continuous (not just a ‘once and for all’ project).
Test sensitive (definitely) and specific
Treatment for disease:
Accepted treatment for patients with recognised disease.
Facilities for diagnosis and treatment available.
Agreed policy concerning whom to treat as patients.
Cost considerations:
Costs of case finding (including diagnosis and treatment of patients diagnosed) economically balanced in relation to possible expenditures on medical care as a whole.
What screening is done in Scotland?
Cancers – Breast, Bowel, Cervical
AAA
Diabetic retinopathy
Pregnancy screening
Pre-eclampsia and diabetes
Anaemia and blood group. Blood disorders e.g. thalassaemia and sickle cell
Viral infections e.g. HIV, Hep B, Syphilis, Rubella
Down’s syndrome and other chromosomal conditions
Baby and placental position
New born screening including hearing, cataracts, congenital heart disease, hip dysplasia and undescended testes
Guthrie test – PKU, Hypothyroidism, sickle cell, CF
What is tertiary prevention?
Any intervention after the disease onset that limits the effect of the disease e.g. secondary prevention for stroke / MI, analgesia and physiotherapy for OA, OT input for patients with MND or the provision of care support.
What do the NICE guidelines say about exercise for teenagers?
60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise daily
How much sleep do teenagers require a night?
8-10 hours
